Auxetic Structures for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds and Biomedical Devices
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Definition, Design, and Fabrication of Auxetic Structures
2.1. Definition of Auxetic Property
2.2. Design of Auxetic Structures
2.2.1. Re-Entrant Unit Cells
2.2.2. Chiral Unit Cells
2.2.3. Rotating Unit Cells
2.3. Fabrication of Auxetic Structures
2.3.1. Fabrication Using Additive Manufacturing
2.3.2. Fabrication Using Soft Lithography
2.3.3. Fabrication Using Machining Technology
2.3.4. Fabrication Using Compressed Foam
2.3.5. Fabrication Using Textile Technology
3. Auxetic Structures as a Tissue Engineering Scaffold
3.1. Additive Manufacturing-Based Auxetic Scaffold
3.2. Machining-Based Auxetic Scaffold
3.3. Auxetic Foam Scaffold
3.4. Auxetic Textile Scaffold
3.5. Auxetic Biomedical Devices
4. Prospect of Auxetic Structures
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author | Fabrication Technology | Specific Fabrication Method | Material | Cell Type | Biological Effect |
Soman et al. [40] (2012) | Additive manufacturing | Dynamic optical projection stereolithography | PEGDA | HMSC (human bone marrow) | Grew on scaffold |
Soman et al. [41] (2012) | Dynamic optical projection stereolithography | PEGDA | HMSC (human bone marrow) | Grew on scaffold | |
Zhang et al. [42] (2013) | Two-photon stereolithography | PEGDA | 10T1/2 (mouse embryonic fibroblast) | Unable to divide | |
Warner et al. [64] (2017) | Dynamic optical projection stereolithography | Polyurethane | 10T1/2 (Mouse embryonic fibroblast) C2C12 (mouse myoblast) | Grew on scaffold | |
Lee et al. [65] (2016) | Micro-stereolithography | PEGDA | HTMSC (human turbinate mesenchymal stromal cell) | Proliferation increased on NPR | |
Jin et al. [66] (2021) | Fused deposition modelling | poly(ε-caprolactone) | HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cell) BMSC (bone marrow stem cell) | Adhered and grew on scaffold | |
Ahn et al. [68] (2019) | Fused deposition modelling + electrospinning | Thermoplastic Polyurethane | HTMSC (human turbinate mesenchymal stromal cell) | Grew on scaffold | |
Ahn et al. [12] (2019) | Additive manufacturing + electrospinning | Fused deposition modelling | poly(ε-caprolactone) | HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cell) VSMC (vascular smooth muscle cell) | Made multi-layers |
Yu et al. [69] (2021) | Fused deposition modelling + electrospinning | poly(ε-caprolactone) | - | Attached with the printed scaffold and hydrogel | |
Muslija et al. [53] (2021) | Soft lithography | Deep reactive ion etching | Silicon | - | - |
Lantada et al. [54] (2015) | Deep reactive ion etching | Silicon | HMSC (human mesenchymal stem cell) | Interacted at a sub-cellular level | |
Kapnisi et al. [13] (2018) | Machining | Micro-ablation | Chitosan (polyaniline coating) | Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and fibroblasts | Grew on scaffold (cytocompatibility) |
Park et al. [1] (2013) | Foaming | Compressed foams | Polyurethane | Chondrocytes (primary from cartilage) | Proliferation increased |
Choi et al. [70] (2016) | Solvent casting/salt leaching | HA/PLGA | MG-63 (human Osteoblast) | Proliferation increased | |
Choi et al. [71] (2016) | Solvent casting/salt leaching | PLGA | MG-63 (human Osteoblast) | Proliferation increased | |
Song et al. [73] (2018) | Heated foams | Polyurethane and polyester | ES-D3 (mouse embryonic stem cell) iPSK3 (human induced pluripotent stem cell) | Vascular differentiation increased | |
Yan et al. [74] (2017) | Compressed and heated foams | Polyurethane | ES-D3 (mouse embryonic stem cell) iPSK3 (human induced pluripotent stem cell) | Neural differentiation increased | |
Deshpande et al. [75] (2020) | Textile | Fabric knitting | poly(ε-caprolactone) | Human dermal fibroblasts | Cell metabolic activity increased |
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Kim, Y.; Son, K.H.; Lee, J.W. Auxetic Structures for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds and Biomedical Devices. Materials 2021, 14, 6821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226821
Kim Y, Son KH, Lee JW. Auxetic Structures for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds and Biomedical Devices. Materials. 2021; 14(22):6821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226821
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Yujin, Kuk Hui Son, and Jin Woo Lee. 2021. "Auxetic Structures for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds and Biomedical Devices" Materials 14, no. 22: 6821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226821