Quality over Quantity: How Different Dispersion Qualities of Minute Amounts of Nano-Additives Affect Material Properties in Powder Bed Fusion of Polyamide 12

Sommereyns, Alexander; Gann, Stan; Schmidt, Jochen; Chehreh, Abootorab Baqerzadeh; Lüddecke, Arne; Walther, Frank; Gökce, Bilal; Barcikowski, Stephan; Schmidt, Michael

doi:10.3390/ma14185322

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Quality over Quantity: How Different Dispersion Qualities of Minute Amounts of Nano-Additives Affect Material Properties in Powder Bed Fusion of Polyamide 12

Alexander Sommereyns

^1,2,*,

Stan Gann

Jochen Schmidt

^4,5

Abootorab Baqerzadeh Chehreh

⁶

⁷,

⁶

^3,8

and

^1,2

Institute of Photonic Technologies (LPT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 3/5, 91052 Erlangen, Germany

Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany

Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany

⁴

Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany

⁵

Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstr. 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany

⁶

Department of Materials Test Engineering (WPT), TU Dortmund University, Baroper Str. 303, 44227 Dortmund, Germany

⁷

Institute for Particle Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany

⁸

Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Safety Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Academic Editor: Amir Mostafaei

Materials 2021, 14(18), 5322; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185322

Received: 16 July 2021 / Revised: 6 September 2021 / Accepted: 10 September 2021 / Published: 15 September 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers in Materials Design for Laser Additive Manufacturing)

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Abstract

The great interest, within the fields of research and industry, in enhancing the range and functionality of polymer powders for laser powder bed fusion (LB-PBF-P) increases the need for material modifications. To exploit the full potential of the additivation method of feedstock powders with nanoparticles, the influence of nanoparticles on the LB-PBF process and the material behavior must be understood. In this study, the impact of the quantity and dispersion quality of carbon nanoparticles deposited on polyamide 12 particles is investigated using tensile and cubic specimens manufactured under the same process conditions. The nano-additives are added through dry coating and colloidal deposition. The specimens are analyzed by tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and micro-computed tomography. The results show that minute amounts (0.005 vol%) of highly dispersed carbon nanoparticles shift the mechanical properties to higher ductility at the expense of tensile strength. Despite changes in crystallinity due to nano-additives, the crystalline phases of polyamide 12 are retained. Layer bonding and part densities strongly depend on the quantity and dispersion quality of the nanoparticles. Nanoparticle loadings for CO₂ laser-operated PBF show only minor changes in material properties, while the potential is greater at lower laser wavelengths. View Full-Text

Keywords: laser powder bed fusion; polyamide 12; nanocomposites; nanoparticles; dispersion; LB-PBF; mechanical properties; additively manufactured parts

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Sommereyns, A.; Gann, S.; Schmidt, J.; Chehreh, A.B.; Lüddecke, A.; Walther, F.; Gökce, B.; Barcikowski, S.; Schmidt, M. Quality over Quantity: How Different Dispersion Qualities of Minute Amounts of Nano-Additives Affect Material Properties in Powder Bed Fusion of Polyamide 12. Materials 2021, 14, 5322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185322

AMA Style

Sommereyns A, Gann S, Schmidt J, Chehreh AB, Lüddecke A, Walther F, Gökce B, Barcikowski S, Schmidt M. Quality over Quantity: How Different Dispersion Qualities of Minute Amounts of Nano-Additives Affect Material Properties in Powder Bed Fusion of Polyamide 12. Materials. 2021; 14(18):5322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185322

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sommereyns, Alexander, Stan Gann, Jochen Schmidt, Abootorab B. Chehreh, Arne Lüddecke, Frank Walther, Bilal Gökce, Stephan Barcikowski, and Michael Schmidt. 2021. "Quality over Quantity: How Different Dispersion Qualities of Minute Amounts of Nano-Additives Affect Material Properties in Powder Bed Fusion of Polyamide 12" Materials 14, no. 18: 5322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185322

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