One Step In-Situ Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Multifunctional Cotton Fabrics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Surface Activation of Cotton
2.3. In-Situ Synthesis of Zinc Oxide on Cotton
2.4. Characterization and Functional Properties
- Eλ = solar spectra irradiance
- Sλ = relative erythemal spectral response
- Δλ = measured wavelength region in nm
- Tλ = average spectral transmittance (%)
3. Results
3.1. Induced Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) Analysis
3.2. Surface Morphology
3.3. XRD Analysis
3.4. FTIR Analysis
3.5. UV Protection Factor
3.6. Antibacterial Performance
3.7. Photo Catalytic Ability
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample No. | Zn(NO3)2·6H2O (M) | NaOH (M) | Deposited Amount of Zn Contents onto Fabric (gram/kg) | Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Untreated | - | - | - | |
1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.089 | 0.041 |
2 | 0.1 | 0.25 | 1.851 | 0.034 |
3 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 2.541 | 0.061 |
4 | 0.25 | 0.1 | 2.902 | 0.052 |
5 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 3.553 | 0.071 |
6 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 6.091 | 0.095 |
7 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 3.418 | 0.064 |
8 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 4.021 | 0.066 |
9 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 4.671 | 0.083 |
Method | Precursors | Crystallite Size in nm (XRD) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
One Step Hydrothermal | Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, NaOH | 20.3–22.4 | This study |
Solvothermal | Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, tetramethylammonium hydroxide | 4.1 | [51] |
Precipitation Method | Zinc acetate, Diethylene glycol | 5–35 | [52] |
Solvothermal | Zinc acetate, Triethanolamine | 33±2 | [53] |
Precursors | Size of ZnO NPs | Method | UPF | UVA Blocking (%) | UVB Blocking (%) | Mass Load Zn (g/kg) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, NaOH | 20.3–22.4 (by XRD) | One step hydrothermal | 129.97 | 97.11 | 99.12 | 6.091 | This work |
ZnCl2,NaOH | - | One step hydrothermal | 80.2 | 92.6 | 99.1 | 0.71 | [18] |
Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, C6H12N4 | 1760 ± 120 (by SEM) | Two step hydrothermal | 157.8 | 99.54 | 99.69 | - | [48] |
Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, Hexamethyleneteraamine | 55 ± 6.1 (by SEM) | Two step hydrothermal | 114 | 95.8 | 99.3 | - | [66] |
Sample No. | Zn Contents (g/kg) | S. aureus (Reduction %) | E. coli (Reduction %) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1.089 | 47.23 | 49.76 | |
2 | 1.851 | 51.41 | 50.12 | |
3 | 2.541 | 56.67 | 57.03 | |
4 | 2.902 | 62.85 | 59.43 | This study |
5 | 3.553 | 77.06 | 80.65 | |
6 | 6.091 | 100.00 | 100.00 | |
7 | 3.418 | 74.31 | 72.17 | |
8 | 4.021 | 88.09 | 91.47 | |
9 | 4.671 | 100.00 | 94.96 | |
Wet chemical method | - | >99.99 | 80 | [67] |
Solochemical process | - | 100 | - | [68] |
Ultrasonic Irradiation Process | - | 100 | 100 | [69] |
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Javed, A.; Wiener, J.; Tamulevičienė, A.; Tamulevičius, T.; Lazauskas, A.; Saskova, J.; Račkauskas, S. One Step In-Situ Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Multifunctional Cotton Fabrics. Materials 2021, 14, 3956. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143956
Javed A, Wiener J, Tamulevičienė A, Tamulevičius T, Lazauskas A, Saskova J, Račkauskas S. One Step In-Situ Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Multifunctional Cotton Fabrics. Materials. 2021; 14(14):3956. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143956
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaved, Asif, Jakub Wiener, Asta Tamulevičienė, Tomas Tamulevičius, Algirdas Lazauskas, Jana Saskova, and Simas Račkauskas. 2021. "One Step In-Situ Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Multifunctional Cotton Fabrics" Materials 14, no. 14: 3956. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143956