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Article

Forging of Mg-Al-Zn Magnesium Alloys on Screw Press and Forging Hammer

by
Andrzej Gontarz
1,*,
Krzysztof Drozdowski
2,
Jacek Michalczyk
3,
Sylwia Wiewiórowska
3,
Zbigniew Pater
1,
Janusz Tomczak
1,
Grzegorz Samołyk
1,
Grzegorz Winiarski
1 and
Piotr Surdacki
1
1
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
2
ZOP Co. Ltd. Forging Plant, 21-045 Świdnik, Poland
3
Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2021, 14(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14010032
Submission received: 12 November 2020 / Revised: 11 December 2020 / Accepted: 21 December 2020 / Published: 23 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forging Processes of Materials)
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Abstract

Magnesium alloys are highly strain rate sensitive and exhibit good workability in a narrow forging temperature range. Consequently, parts made of these materials are usually forged with low-speed hydraulic presses, using specially designed tool heating systems in order to ensure near-isothermal conditions. This study investigates whether popular magnesium alloys such as Mg-Al-Zn can be forged in forging machines equipped with high-speed forming tools. Experimental upset forging tests on AZ31B, AZ61A and AZ80A specimens were conducted, using a screw press with a ram speed of 0.5 m/s and a die forging hammer with a ram speed at stroke of about 5 m/s. Test specimens were preheated to 350 °C, 410 °C and 450 °C. After the upset forging process, they were air- or water-cooled and then examined for their workability, hardness and grain size. To validate the results, a forging process for a producing handle was designed and modelled by the finite element method. Distributions of strain, temperature and fracture criterion were analysed, and energy and force parameters of the forging process were calculated. After that, experimental tests were performed on AZ31B and AZ61A specimens in order to determine mechanical properties of forged parts and examine their micro- and macrostructure. Results have demonstrated that AZ80A is not suitable for forging with either the screw press or the die forging hammer, that AZ61A can be press- and hammer-forged but to a limited extent, and that AZ31B can be subjected to forging in both forging machines analysed in the study.
Keywords: magnesium alloys; die forging; screw press; hammer; mechanical properties; grain size magnesium alloys; die forging; screw press; hammer; mechanical properties; grain size

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gontarz, A.; Drozdowski, K.; Michalczyk, J.; Wiewiórowska, S.; Pater, Z.; Tomczak, J.; Samołyk, G.; Winiarski, G.; Surdacki, P. Forging of Mg-Al-Zn Magnesium Alloys on Screw Press and Forging Hammer. Materials 2021, 14, 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14010032

AMA Style

Gontarz A, Drozdowski K, Michalczyk J, Wiewiórowska S, Pater Z, Tomczak J, Samołyk G, Winiarski G, Surdacki P. Forging of Mg-Al-Zn Magnesium Alloys on Screw Press and Forging Hammer. Materials. 2021; 14(1):32. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14010032

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gontarz, Andrzej, Krzysztof Drozdowski, Jacek Michalczyk, Sylwia Wiewiórowska, Zbigniew Pater, Janusz Tomczak, Grzegorz Samołyk, Grzegorz Winiarski, and Piotr Surdacki. 2021. "Forging of Mg-Al-Zn Magnesium Alloys on Screw Press and Forging Hammer" Materials 14, no. 1: 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14010032

APA Style

Gontarz, A., Drozdowski, K., Michalczyk, J., Wiewiórowska, S., Pater, Z., Tomczak, J., Samołyk, G., Winiarski, G., & Surdacki, P. (2021). Forging of Mg-Al-Zn Magnesium Alloys on Screw Press and Forging Hammer. Materials, 14(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14010032

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