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10.3390/ma13061308
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Article

New Resin-Based Bulk-Fill Composites: in vitro Evaluation of Micro-Hardness and Depth of Cure as Infection Risk Indexes

by
Marco Colombo
1,
Simone Gallo
1,*,
Claudio Poggio
1,*,
Vittorio Ricaldone
1,
Carla Renata Arciola
2,3,* and
Andrea Scribante
1
1
Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences – Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
2
IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
3
Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specially Medicine, University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2020, 13(6), 1308; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061308
Submission received: 29 January 2020 / Revised: 19 February 2020 / Accepted: 11 March 2020 / Published: 13 March 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-Infective Materials)
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Abstract

The current in vitro study evaluated the Vickers hardness number (VHN) and hardness ratio of four bulk-fill composites (VisCalor bulk; Admira Fusion x-tra; x-tra fil; and GrandioSO x-tra-Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) to assess the risk of bacterial colonization in comparison with standard composite materials. Thirty samples were prepared for each group. The VHN of both the external (top) and internal surface (bottom) was determined with a micro-hardness tester (200 g load for 15 s), and the hardness ratio was also calculated for each sample. Subsequently, storage in an acidic soft drink (Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Company, Milano, Italy) was performed; for each group, 10 samples were stored for 1 day, while another 10 were stored for 7 days and the remaining 10 were kept in water as controls. A significant reduction in VHN was shown for all the groups when comparing the external versus internal side (P < 0.05), although the hardness ratio was greater than 0.80, resulting in an adequate polymerization. Regarding the acid storage, all the groups showed a significant decrease of VHN when compared with the controls, both after 1 day (P < 0.05) and after 7 days (P < 0.001). All the products showed adequate depth of cure without further risk of bacterial colonization. However, acid exposure negatively affected micro-hardness values, which might promote subsequent colonization.
Keywords: bulk-fill composites; micro-hardness; hardness ratio; depth of cure; acid exposure; bacterial colonization; infection bulk-fill composites; micro-hardness; hardness ratio; depth of cure; acid exposure; bacterial colonization; infection

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MDPI and ACS Style

Colombo, M.; Gallo, S.; Poggio, C.; Ricaldone, V.; Arciola, C.R.; Scribante, A. New Resin-Based Bulk-Fill Composites: in vitro Evaluation of Micro-Hardness and Depth of Cure as Infection Risk Indexes. Materials 2020, 13, 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061308

AMA Style

Colombo M, Gallo S, Poggio C, Ricaldone V, Arciola CR, Scribante A. New Resin-Based Bulk-Fill Composites: in vitro Evaluation of Micro-Hardness and Depth of Cure as Infection Risk Indexes. Materials. 2020; 13(6):1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061308

Chicago/Turabian Style

Colombo, Marco, Simone Gallo, Claudio Poggio, Vittorio Ricaldone, Carla Renata Arciola, and Andrea Scribante. 2020. "New Resin-Based Bulk-Fill Composites: in vitro Evaluation of Micro-Hardness and Depth of Cure as Infection Risk Indexes" Materials 13, no. 6: 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061308

APA Style

Colombo, M., Gallo, S., Poggio, C., Ricaldone, V., Arciola, C. R., & Scribante, A. (2020). New Resin-Based Bulk-Fill Composites: in vitro Evaluation of Micro-Hardness and Depth of Cure as Infection Risk Indexes. Materials, 13(6), 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061308

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