Properties of Iron Bacteria Biofouling on Ni-P-rGO Coating under Flowing Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Experimental Setup
2.2. Experimental Principle and Method
2.3. Stability Verification of the Experimental Setup
2.4. Coating Preparation and Iron Bacteria Culture
2.5. Experimental Progress
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Comparison of Properties of Iron Bacteria Biofouling between Carbon Steel and Ni-P-rGO Coating
3.2. Effect of Temperature on the Fouling Characteristics of Iron Bacteria on Ni-P-rGO Coating
3.3. Effect of Flow Velocity on Fouling Characteristics of Iron Bacteria on Ni-P-rGO Coating
3.4. Effect of Concentration on the Biofouling Characteristics of Iron Bacteria on Ni-P-rGO Coating
4. Conclusions
- [1]
- Compared to the carbon steel, which was used to prepare the heat exchange device as raw materials, the advanced materials with Ni-P-rGO coating had an important property that inhibited biofouling. They not only reduced the asymptotic value of the fouling resistance of iron bacteria fouling significantly, but also greatly increased the induction period and fouling growth time.
- [2]
- The inhibition of advanced materials with Ni-P-rGO coating against iron bacteria biofouling at different temperatures was studied. The asymptotic value of fouling resistance was highest at 30 °C, and the induction period was the shortest at this temperature. The asymptotic value of fouling thermal resistance was lowest at 35 °C, and the induction period was longest at this temperature. The asymptotic value of fouling resistance and the induction period were between the former two at 25 °C.
- [3]
- The inhibition of advanced materials with Ni-P-rGO coating against iron bacteria biofouling at different velocities was studied. With the increase in flow velocity, the asymptotic value of fouling resistance decreased, while the induction period increased.
- [4]
- The inhibition of advanced materials with Ni-P-rGO coating against iron bacteria biofouling at a different initial concentration was studied. With an increase in the concentration of iron bacteria, the asymptotic value of fouling resistance increased, while the induction period decreased.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nickel Sulfate | 25 g/L |
Sodium Hypophosphite | 30 g/L |
Citric Acid | 15 g/L |
Lactic Acid | 16 g/L |
Sodium Acetate | 11 g/L |
Potassium Iodide | 0.01 g/L |
Graphene | 40 mg/L |
OP-10 | Appropriate |
pH | 4.8 |
Temperature | 83 °C |
Ammonium Ferric Citrate | 10 g/L |
---|---|
Sodium nitrate | 0.5 g/L |
Dipotassium phosphate | 0.5 g/L |
Calcium chloride | 0.2 g/L |
Magnesium sulfate | 0.5 g/L |
Ammonium sulfate | 0.5 g/L |
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Sun, M.; Xu, Z.; Liu, Z.; Wang, B.; Di, H. Properties of Iron Bacteria Biofouling on Ni-P-rGO Coating under Flowing Conditions. Materials 2020, 13, 764. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030764
Sun M, Xu Z, Liu Z, Wang B, Di H. Properties of Iron Bacteria Biofouling on Ni-P-rGO Coating under Flowing Conditions. Materials. 2020; 13(3):764. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030764
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Mingyang, Zhiming Xu, Zuodong Liu, Bingbing Wang, and Huishuang Di. 2020. "Properties of Iron Bacteria Biofouling on Ni-P-rGO Coating under Flowing Conditions" Materials 13, no. 3: 764. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030764