Prediction of Structural Performance of Vinyl Ester Polymer Concrete Using FEM Elasto-Plastic Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Polymer Concrete Composition
2.1.1. Vinyl-Ester Resin
2.1.2. Fine and Coarse Aggregates
2.1.3. Microfiller
2.1.4. Mix Design
- A/B [g/g]—aggregate to binder ratio by mass;
- B/M [g/g]—microfiller to binder ratio by mass;
- P/M [g/g]—waste powder to microfiller mass ratio.
2.2. Material Characterization
2.3. Development of the Finite Element Model
2.3.1. Concrete Damaged Plasticity Constitutive Model
2.3.2. Finite Element Model of the Manhole Cover
3. Results
3.1. Mesh Convergence Test and Internal Energy Comparison
3.2. Stress–Strain Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The concrete damage plasticity (CDP) material model can be successfully adopted to simulate the nonlinear mechanical behavior of polymer concrete.
- The CDP model takes many parameters and finding these parameters based on standard laboratory test data is not straightforward. The authors showed a clear procedure of finding CDP model input data based on standard laboratory tests.
- The CDP model was originally developed for the description of cement concrete. For polymer concrete, the authors proposed how to make necessary assumptions regarding the post-failure behavior.
- The authors showed that PC can be considered for the design of manhole covers. In this study, manhole cover made of plain PC showed too little structural capacity. However, in the authors’ opinion, the numerical approach presented here can still be considered as a valuable design tool (e.g., for manhole covers made of reinforced PC). The numerical solution can be used to choose the type and geometry of the reinforcement, which will be the subject of future studies. Evaluating the application of a certain material model and formulating necessarily steps for finding material parameters is an important milestone before proceeding to the reinforcement design, as it can significantly limit the number of laboratory tests.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Property | Test Method | Value |
---|---|---|
Viscosity (25 °C) | DIN 53015 | 350 ± 50 mPa·s |
Gelling time (25 °C) | ISO 2535 | 30 ± 5 min |
Flexural strength | ISO 178 | 110 MPa |
Tensile strength | ISO 527 | 75 MPa |
Elasticity modulus | ISO 527 | 3500 MPa |
Extension | ISO 527 | 2.8% |
Heat deflection temperature | ISO 75 | 95 °C |
Barcol hardness | ASTM D 2583 | 35 °B |
Component | Function | Content (% of Resin Mass) |
---|---|---|
Cobalt naphthenate 1% | Accelerant | 0.6 |
Dimethylaniline 10% | Accelerant | 1.21 |
Benzoyl peroxide | Hardener | 1.97 |
Sand and Gravel | Resin | Fly Ash | Quartz Powder |
---|---|---|---|
1314 kg | 329 kg | 328.5 kg | 328.5 kg |
Test | Unit | Result | Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|---|
Compression (beam) | N/mm2 | 109.40 | 4.00 |
Compression (cube) | N/mm2 | 93.10 | 1.19 |
Compression (cylinder) | N/mm2 | 70.35 | 7.59 |
Bending | N/mm2 | 24.33 | 1.31 |
Tension | N/mm2 | 13.76 | 0.68 |
WST | N/m | 17.68 | 0.39 |
Young’s modulus | kN/mm2 | 21.80 | 1.090 |
ρ [kg/m3] | E [GPa] | ν [–] | K [–] | χ [–] | ψ [°] | fb0/fc0 [–] | μ [s] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2400 | 21.802 | 0.2 | 0.667 | 0.2 | 36 | 1.05 | 0.005 |
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Józefiak, K.; Michalczyk, R. Prediction of Structural Performance of Vinyl Ester Polymer Concrete Using FEM Elasto-Plastic Model. Materials 2020, 13, 4034. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13184034
Józefiak K, Michalczyk R. Prediction of Structural Performance of Vinyl Ester Polymer Concrete Using FEM Elasto-Plastic Model. Materials. 2020; 13(18):4034. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13184034
Chicago/Turabian StyleJózefiak, Kazimierz, and Rafał Michalczyk. 2020. "Prediction of Structural Performance of Vinyl Ester Polymer Concrete Using FEM Elasto-Plastic Model" Materials 13, no. 18: 4034. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13184034