Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Pine Wood Bio-Based Composites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. Wood Impregnation with Compatibilizer
2.3. Composites Preparation
2.4. Methodology
2.4.1. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
2.4.2. Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD)
2.4.3. Solid-State 1H NMR
2.4.4. Thermogravimetry (TGA)
2.4.5. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.4.6. Mechanical Properties
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Designation | Mass Concentration (wt %) | ||
---|---|---|---|
PLLA | Wood | Compatibilized Wood | |
PLLA | 100 | 0 | 0 |
PLLA/10 W | 90 | 10 | 0 |
PLLA/20 W | 80 | 20 | 0 |
PLLA/30 W | 70 | 30 | 0 |
PLLA/10 W/APE | 90 | 0 | 10 |
PLLA/20 W/APE | 80 | 0 | 20 |
PLLA/30 W/APE | 70 | 0 | 30 |
Sample | Tg (°C) | Tcc (°C) | Tm (°C) | ΔHm (J/g) | Tc (°C) | Xc (%) | mR (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PLLA | 67 | 98 | 177 | 55 | 102 | 5 | 0 |
PLLA/10 W | 67 | 93 | 178 | 65 | 110 | 7 | 2 |
PLLA/20 W | 66 | 90 | 174 | 62 | 111 | 11 | 4 |
PLLA/30 W | 65 | 89 | 175 | 60 | 111 | 12 | 8 |
PLLA/10 W/APE | 67 | 94 | 177 | 56 | 107 | 7 | 3 |
PLLA/20 W/APE | 66 | 90 | 175 | 57 | 111 | 14 | 5 |
PLLA/30 W/APE | 66 | 89 | 175 | 59 | 112 | 14 | 7 |
Hindered Rotation of Methyl Groups CH3 Around Their Axes Symmetries | Local Motions of Polymer Chains | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | T1L/T1S | τ0 (s) | Ea (kJ/mol) | β | τ0 (s) | Ea (kJ/mol) | β |
PLLA | T1L | 5.3 × 10−13 | 12.5 | 0.4 | 2.1 × 10−16 | 37.3 | 0.2 |
PLLA | T1S | 4.8 × 10−12 | 13.9 | 0.4 | 4.9 × 10−16 | 33.3 | 0.2 |
PLLA/10 W | T1L | 5.4 × 10−12 | 10.7 | 0.2 | N/A | ||
PLLA/20 W | T1L | 5.9 × 10−12 | 10.0 | 0.2 | N/A | ||
PLLA/30 W | T1L | 6.0 × 10−12 | 11.1 | 0.2 | N/A | ||
PLLA/10 W/APE | T1L | 8.4 × 10−13 | 14.1 | 0.2 | 3.5 × 10−16 | 58.2 | 0.1 |
PLLA/20 W/APE | T1L | N/A | N/A | ||||
PLLA/30 W/APE | T1L | N/A | N/A | ||||
Wood * | T1L | 8.2 × 10−11 | 6.7 | 0.3 | 2.2 × 10−12 | 22.4 | 0.6 |
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Dobrzyńska-Mizera, M.; Knitter, M.; Woźniak-Braszak, A.; Baranowski, M.; Sterzyński, T.; Di Lorenzo, M.L. Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Pine Wood Bio-Based Composites. Materials 2020, 13, 3776. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13173776
Dobrzyńska-Mizera M, Knitter M, Woźniak-Braszak A, Baranowski M, Sterzyński T, Di Lorenzo ML. Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Pine Wood Bio-Based Composites. Materials. 2020; 13(17):3776. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13173776
Chicago/Turabian StyleDobrzyńska-Mizera, Monika, Monika Knitter, Aneta Woźniak-Braszak, Mikołaj Baranowski, Tomasz Sterzyński, and Maria Laura Di Lorenzo. 2020. "Poly(l-Lactic Acid)/Pine Wood Bio-Based Composites" Materials 13, no. 17: 3776. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13173776