The Influence of Fluidized Bed Combustion Fly Ash on the Phase Composition and Microstructure of Cement Paste
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Program
2.1. Materials and Methods
2.2. Test Methods
3. Test Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
- Macroscopic analysis revealed differences in colour of fluidized bed combustion fly ashes, which was assumed to be correlated to carbon content. This method can be applied for preliminary evaluation of CFBC fly ash suitability as concrete additive;
- The major components in the investigated CFBC fly ash consisted of the following (in descending order of content): SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3 and SO3.
- The largest difference between analyzed fly ash was visible in CaO content, which was the result of the type of fuel. The content of the CaO in CFBC fly ash from lignite burning was two to three times higher than in fly ash from hard coal burning.
- A proper determination of the unburned carbon content in fluidized bed fly ash required separation of CaCO3, portlandite and non-hydrated clay minerals content from the loss on ignition data.
- The addition of CFBC fly ash for replacement of cement by 20% or 30% by weight did not induce significant changes in qualitative phase composition of hardened cement paste cured in water up to 400 days in regard to curing for 28 days.
- The addition of the CFBC fly ash resulted in increasing content of C–S–H gel and crystalline ettringite, which was indicated by the increase of water bound in hydration products and the decrease of portlandite content.
- The crystalline ettringite content in hardened cement paste containing 30% CFBC fly ash from lignite burning was higher by about 20% in comparison to cement paste without ash at 28 days of curing.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Component | CFBC Fly Ash | ||
---|---|---|---|
Hard Coal Burning | Lignite Burning | ||
S | K | T | |
LOI * | 5.71 | 3.40 | 2.73 |
SiO2 | 38.80 | 47.18 | 36.47 |
CaO | 9.80 | 5.84 | 15.95 |
CaOfree ** | not tested | 3.40 | 4.75 |
Fe2O3 | 9.59 | 6.80 | 4.40 |
Al2O3 | 23.26 | 25.62 | 28.4 |
MgO | 2.28 | 0.15 | 1.65 |
Na2O | 2.01 | 1.18 | 1.64 |
K2O | 2.22 | 2.36 | 0.62 |
SO3 | 5.82 | 3.62 | 3.8 |
TiO2 | not tested | 1.08 | 3.84 |
Cl- | 0.40 | 0.10 | 0.03 |
Component | Cement CEM I 32.5 R |
---|---|
LOI | 3.40 |
SiO2 | 21.40 |
CaO | 65.06 |
CaOfree ** | 1.00 |
Fe2O3 | 2.53 |
Al2O3 | 4.80 |
MgO | 1.37 |
Na2Oeq | 0.76 |
SO3 | 2.60 |
Cl- | 0.07 |
Specific surface, cm2/g | 3210 |
Density, g/cm3 | 3.09 |
Designation of Specimens | Cement | CFBC | Water |
---|---|---|---|
CEM I | 420 | 0 | 210 |
S20 | 336 | 84 | 210 |
T20 | 336 | 84 | 210 |
K20 | 336 | 84 | 210 |
S30 | 294 | 126 | 210 |
T30 | 294 | 126 | 210 |
K30 | 294 | 126 | 210 |
Attribute | CFBC Fly Ash | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
S | T | K | ||
>0.045 mm, Yield (%) | 22.0 | 36.1 | 19.5 | |
Color | Whole lot | brownish-grey 5YR 4/1 | light olive-grey 5Y 6 | olive-grey 5Y4/1 |
Fraction > 0.045 mm | light brownish-grey 5YR 6/1 | light brownish-grey 5YR 6/1 | brownish-grey 5 | |
Fraction < 0.045 mm | brownish-grey 5YR 4/1 | not tested | not tested |
Designation of Specimens | Flexural Strength | Comressive Strength |
---|---|---|
CEM I | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 33.8 ± 0.6 |
S20 | 5.8 ± 0.2 | 47.8 ± 1.8 |
T20 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 39.8 ± 2.2 |
K20 | 6.4 ± 0.4 | 53.3 ± 2.3 |
S30 | 5.9 ± 0.3 | 46.0 ± 1.4 |
T30 | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 35.9 ± 1.0 |
K30 | 5.9 ± 0.6 | 53.1 ± 2.0 |
Specimen | LOI *, wt % | Mass Loss at <350 °C, wt % | Relics of Coal, wt % | Portlandite, wt % | Calcium Carbonate, wt % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S | |||||
Fraction > 0.045 mm | 1.7 | 0.45 | 0.8 | not detected | not detected |
Fraction < 0.045 mm | 5.8 | 0.74 | 4.4 | not detected | not detected |
T | |||||
Fraction > 0.045 mm | 3.7 | 0.79 | 0.8 | not detected | 4.80 |
Fraction < 0.045 mm | 5.9 | 1.05 | not detected | 1.2 | 10.35 |
K | |||||
Fraction > 0.045 mm | 3.4 | 0.89 | 1.8 | not detected | 1.60 |
Fraction < 0.045 mm | 5.7 | 0.87 | 4.4 | not detected | 1.05 |
Age, Days | Composition Parameter | Reference Paste CEM * | WZ Index for Hardened Pastes Containing CFBC Fly Ash in Relation to the Reference Paste (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T20 | T30 | K20 | K30 | |||
28 | Hydration products HI, % | 17.8 = 100% | 116.3 | 133.1 | 119.7 | 130.9 |
Portlandite CH, % | 16.0 = 100% | 66.9 | 41.3 | 41.3 | 33.1 | |
Calcium carbonate CC, % | 10.7 = 100% | 100.0 | 91.6 | 112.1 | 103.7 | |
Ettringite ∑ I, a.u. ** | 326 = 100% | 127.9 | 131.3 | 121.2 | 124.2 | |
200 | Hydration products HI, % | 23.0 = 100% | 111.7 | 104.3 | 110.0 | 104.3 |
Portlandite CH, % | 15.2 = 100% | 53.9 | 34.9 | 53.9 | 27.0 | |
Calcium carbonate CC, % | 13.6 = 100% | 72.0 | 111.8 | 78.7 | 122.0 | |
Ettringite ∑ I, a.u. ** | 459 = 100% | 97.8 | 104.1 | 102.8 | 112.9 | |
400 | Hydration products HI, % | 18.0 = 100% | 118.0 | 123.9 | 112.7 | 131.1 |
Portlandite CH, % | 16.4 = 100% | 65.2 | 39.6 | 37.8 | 17.1 | |
Calcium carbonate CC, % | 10.2 = 100% | 89.2 | 119.6 | 147.1 | 133.3 | |
Ettringite ∑ I, a.u. ** | 380 = 100% | 105.0 | 115.5 | 97.1 | 112.1 |
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Glinicki, M.A.; Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka, D.; Dąbrowski, M. The Influence of Fluidized Bed Combustion Fly Ash on the Phase Composition and Microstructure of Cement Paste. Materials 2019, 12, 2838. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12172838
Glinicki MA, Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D, Dąbrowski M. The Influence of Fluidized Bed Combustion Fly Ash on the Phase Composition and Microstructure of Cement Paste. Materials. 2019; 12(17):2838. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12172838
Chicago/Turabian StyleGlinicki, Michał A., Daria Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka, and Mariusz Dąbrowski. 2019. "The Influence of Fluidized Bed Combustion Fly Ash on the Phase Composition and Microstructure of Cement Paste" Materials 12, no. 17: 2838. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12172838