Performance of Hybrid Powder-Suspension Axial Plasma Sprayed Al2O3—YSZ Coatings in Bovine Serum Solution
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Methods
2.1. Substrate Materials, Powders, and Suspensions
2.2. Coating Deposition
2.3. Coating Characterization
2.4. Mechanical Characterization
2.4.1. Vickers Micro Hardness
2.4.2. Indentation Crack Growth Resistance
2.5. Sliding Wear Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Cross-Sectional Morphology
3.2. XRD Analysis
3.3. Hardness
3.4. Indentation Crack Growth Resistance
3.5. Sliding Wear
3.5.1. Specific Wear Rate
3.5.2. Worn Surface Morphology
3.6. The Coefficient of Friction
4. Conclusions
- The hardness of the conventional monolithic alumina coating Ap was the highest among all the coatings, which was 1.28 times higher than the hybrid ApYs coating, 1.34 times higher than the As coating, and 1.39 times higher than the AsYs coating. The inclusion of YSZ in both Ap and As coatings lowered the hardness by virtue of its lower intrinsic hardness.
- The indentation crack growth resistance of the hybrid coating ApYs was superior when compared to all the other coatings. The inclusion of finer YSZ particles into the coarser alumina splat increased the cohesion strength and resulted in superior crack growth resistance.
- The worn surface morphology of the Ap coatings exhibited polishing wear without any grooves, whereas the hybrid coating ApYs coating revealed local pitting. In the case of the pure and the mixed suspension coatings (As and AsYs), extensive pitting was observed, which deteriorated the wear resistance properties.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | ApYs | Ap | As | AsYs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Operating gas | H2, N2 | H2, N2 | H2, N2, Ar | H2, N2, Ar |
Spray Distance, mm | 150 | 150 | 100 | 100 |
Current, A | 230 | 230 | 220 | 220 |
Powder feed rate, g/min | 40 | 50 | - | - |
Suspension feed rate, mL/min | 40 | - | 40 | 40 |
Power, kW | 124 | 109 | 122 | 122 |
Coatings | As | AsYs | Ap | ApYs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Porosity (Vol%) | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.3 |
Coatings | Crack Length (µm) |
---|---|
As | 111.35 |
AsYs | 54.72 |
Ap | 181.50 |
ApYs | No visible cracks |
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Gopal, V.; Goel, S.; Manivasagam, G.; Joshi, S. Performance of Hybrid Powder-Suspension Axial Plasma Sprayed Al2O3—YSZ Coatings in Bovine Serum Solution. Materials 2019, 12, 1922. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12121922
Gopal V, Goel S, Manivasagam G, Joshi S. Performance of Hybrid Powder-Suspension Axial Plasma Sprayed Al2O3—YSZ Coatings in Bovine Serum Solution. Materials. 2019; 12(12):1922. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12121922
Chicago/Turabian StyleGopal, Vasanth, Sneha Goel, Geetha Manivasagam, and Shrikant Joshi. 2019. "Performance of Hybrid Powder-Suspension Axial Plasma Sprayed Al2O3—YSZ Coatings in Bovine Serum Solution" Materials 12, no. 12: 1922. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12121922