Preparation of a Highly Porous Carbon Material Based on Quinoa Husk and Its Application for Removal of Dyes by Adsorption
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemical and Materials
2.2. Preparation of PC–QH
2.3. Batch Equilibrium Studies
2.4. Kinetic and Equilibrium Models
2.5. Reusability of PC–QH
2.6. Characterization
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of PC–QH
3.2. Preparation of Activated Carbon
3.2.1. Effect of Activation Temperature
3.2.2. Effect of Activation Time
3.2.3. Effect of Alkali/Carbon Ratio
3.3. Adsorption Studies
3.3.1. Effect of pH on Adsorption Capacity
3.3.2. Adsorption Kinetics
3.3.3. Adsorption Isotherms
3.4. Reusability of PC–QH
3.5. Adsorption Selectivity of PC–QH
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | Activiation Conditions | SBET 2 (m2 g−1) | Vmicro 3 (cm3 g−1) | Vtotal 4 (cm3 g−1) | Dpore 5 (nm) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T (°C) | t (min) | A/Cr 1 | |||||
C–QH | --- | --- | --- | 0.42 | 0.0001 | 0.0026 | 24.78 |
PC–QH | 650 | 90 | 3:1 | 1713 | 0.53 | 1.23 | 2.87 |
PC–QH | 600 | 90 | 3:1 | 760 | 0.34 | 0.53 | 2.79 |
PC–QH | 700 | 90 | 3:1 | 120 | 0.01 | 0.45 | 15.01 |
PC–QH | 650 | 60 | 3:1 | 228 | 0.05 | 0.42 | 2.44 |
PC–QH | 650 | 120 | 3:1 | 174 | 0.01 | 0.58 | 13.38 |
PC–QH | 650 | 90 | 2:1 | 634 | 0.25 | 0.34 | 2.14 |
PC–QH | 650 | 90 | 4:1 | 437 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 2.43 |
C0 (mg L−1) | qe (mg g−1) | Pseudo-First-Order Kinetic | Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic | Intra-Particle Kinetic | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K1 (min−1) | Qe.cat (mg g−1) | R2 | K2 (g mg−1 min−1) | Qe.cat (mg g−1) | R2 | K3 (mg g−1 min−0.5) | Qe.cat (mg g−1) | R2 | ||
40 | 302.12 | 0.0398 | 129.51 | 0.9785 | 0.0008 | 303.03 | 0.9982 | 17.397 | 161.96 | 0.9725 |
60 | 410.66 | 0.0633 | 162.85 | 0.9864 | 0.0007 | 416.67 | 0.9998 | 22.733 | 245.10 | 0.8884 |
80 | 475.84 | 0.0405 | 167.19 | 0.9821 | 0.0008 | 500.01 | 0.9998 | 24.529 | 294.47 | 0.9156 |
120 | 638.73 | 0.0240 | 201.93 | 0.9512 | 0.0006 | 666.67 | 0.9987 | 26.375 | 438.08 | 0.9220 |
160 | 797.20 | 0.0580 | 302.41 | 0.7225 | 0.0005 | 833.33 | 0.9971 | 28.260 | 568.27 | 0.8759 |
Langmuir | Freundlich | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qm (mg g−1) | KL (L mg−1) | R2 | KF (mg g−1 (L mg−1)1/n) | n | R2 |
1666.67 | 0.0053 | 0.9549 | 23.9332 | 1.4533 | 0.9972 |
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Chen, S.; Tang, S.; Sun, Y.; Wang, G.; Chen, H.; Yu, X.; Su, Y.; Chen, G. Preparation of a Highly Porous Carbon Material Based on Quinoa Husk and Its Application for Removal of Dyes by Adsorption. Materials 2018, 11, 1407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081407
Chen S, Tang S, Sun Y, Wang G, Chen H, Yu X, Su Y, Chen G. Preparation of a Highly Porous Carbon Material Based on Quinoa Husk and Its Application for Removal of Dyes by Adsorption. Materials. 2018; 11(8):1407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081407
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Siji, Shanshan Tang, Yang Sun, Gang Wang, Huan Chen, Xiaoxiao Yu, Yingjie Su, and Guang Chen. 2018. "Preparation of a Highly Porous Carbon Material Based on Quinoa Husk and Its Application for Removal of Dyes by Adsorption" Materials 11, no. 8: 1407. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081407