Evaluation of Fine Aggregate Morphology by Image Method and Its Effect on Skid-Resistance of Micro-Surfacing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Research Methodologies
- Three types of fine aggregate are chosen which are steel slag, basalt, and limestone. Three grades 0.6–1.18, 1.18–2.36, and 2.36–4.75 are selected for each type of aggregate.
- AIMS was used to evaluate morphological characteristics of nine (3 × 3) kinds of fine aggregates.
- Modified emulsified asphalt used in micro-surfacing was prepared.
- Nine kinds of micro-surfacing slurry mixture with single-grade aggregate was prepared, corresponding to nine kinds of aggregate. Another normal-grade micro-surfacing mixture was also prepared for comparison with single-grade micro-surfacing. There are, in total, 10 kinds of micro-surfacing in this study.
- Sand patch test, British pendulum test, and image method were used to evaluate the skid-resistance of micro-surfacing. Wet abrasion test was used to test durability for verifying feasibility of single-grade micro-surfacing.
2.1. Materials
2.1.1. Aggregates
2.1.2. Modified Emulsified Asphalt
2.1.3. Micro-Surfacing Mixture
2.2. Research Methodologies
2.2.1. Aggregates Morphology Test
2.2.2. Micro-Surfacing Skid-Resistance Test
2.2.3. Wet Abrasion Test
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Fine Aggregates Morphology Characteristics
3.2. Skid-Resistance and Feasibility of Micro-Surfacing
3.3. Correlation between Aggregate Morphology and Skid-Resistance
3.4. Correlation between Traditional Test and Digital Image Method
4. Conclusions
- Single-grade micro-surfacing can indeed increase the surface texture characteristics compared with standard micro-surfacing, thus increasing the skid-resistance.
- Combining the feasibility analysis of durability and skid-resistance, it can be summarized that the 1.18–2.36 type micro-surfacing meets the requirements of durability and skid-resistance at the same time.
- Form2D and angularity were characterized as morphologic indices of fine aggregates. Research results indicated that the effect of Form2D on skid-resistance of micro-surfacing is much stronger than that of angularity. Compared with BPN results, height of variance and texture depth correlated better with Form2D.
- The texture result obtained by sand patch test fits better with results of image method compared with British pendulum test. However, both of them are not strong.
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Properties | Unit | Technical Requirements | Tested Value | Specification Used | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basalt | Limestone | Steel Slag | ||||
Sand equivalent | % | ≥60 | 68 | 71 | 75 | ASTM D 2419 [28] |
Soundness | % | ≥12 | 15.7 | 15.1 | 13.6 | ASTM C 88 [29] |
Apparent relative density | — | ≥2.5 | 2.978 | 2.708 | 2.872 | ASTM C 128 [30] |
Angularity | s | ≥30 | 42 | 45 | 43 | ASTM C 1252 [31] |
Materials | Modified Emulsified Asphalt | Asphalt | Water | SBR | Emulsifier | Calcium Chloride | PVA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (g) | 500 | 300 | 177 | 12 | 10 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Ratio (%) | 100 | 60 | 35.4 | 2.4 | 2 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Properties | Unit | Technical Requirements | Tested Value | Specification Used | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sieve residue (1.18) | % | ≤0.1 | 0.04 | ASTM D 244 [33] | |
Charge | — | + | + | ASTM D 244 [33] | |
Rotary viscosity | Pa · s | — | 98 | ASTM D 4402 [34] | |
Evaporated residue content | % | ≥60 | 62.5 | ASTM D 244 [33] | |
Evaporated residue properties | Penetration | 0.1 mm | 40–100 | 57.3 | ASTM D 5 [35] |
Softening point | °C | ≥53 | 54.8 | ASTM D 36 [36] | |
Ductility | cm | ≥20 | 56 | ASTM D 113 [37] | |
Solubility | % | ≥97.5 | 99.3 | ASTM D 2042 [38] | |
Storage stability | 1 day | % | ≤1 | 0.1 | ASTM D 244 [33] |
5 day | % | ≤5 | 1.2 |
Mixture Types | Limestone | Basalt | Steel Slag | MS-2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.6–1.18 | 1.18–2.36 | 2.36–4.75 | 0.6–1.18 | 1.18–2.36 | 2.36–4.75 | 0.6–1.18 | 1.18–2.36 | 2.36–4.75 | ||
Thickness (mm) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
Cement (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Water (%) | 9.5 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 9.5 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 9.5 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 10 |
Asphalt-aggregate ratio (%) | 7.5 | 7 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 7 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 7 | 6.5 | 10 |
Properties | Limestone | Basalt | Steel Slag | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.6–1.18 | 1.18–2.36 | 2.36–4.75 | 0.6–1.18 | 1.18–2.36 | 2.36–4.75 | 0.6–1.18 | 1.18–2.36 | 2.36–4.75 | |
Angularity | 3285 | 3050 | 2923 | 3706 | 3502 | 3327 | 3789 | 4124 | 4546 |
Form2D | 7.35 | 7.89 | 7.20 | 7.71 | 7.85 | 7.64 | 7.69 | 7.92 | 8.33 |
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Xiao, Y.; Wang, F.; Cui, P.; Lei, L.; Lin, J.; Yi, M. Evaluation of Fine Aggregate Morphology by Image Method and Its Effect on Skid-Resistance of Micro-Surfacing. Materials 2018, 11, 920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11060920
Xiao Y, Wang F, Cui P, Lei L, Lin J, Yi M. Evaluation of Fine Aggregate Morphology by Image Method and Its Effect on Skid-Resistance of Micro-Surfacing. Materials. 2018; 11(6):920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11060920
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiao, Yue, Feng Wang, Peide Cui, Lei Lei, Juntao Lin, and Mingwei Yi. 2018. "Evaluation of Fine Aggregate Morphology by Image Method and Its Effect on Skid-Resistance of Micro-Surfacing" Materials 11, no. 6: 920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11060920
APA StyleXiao, Y., Wang, F., Cui, P., Lei, L., Lin, J., & Yi, M. (2018). Evaluation of Fine Aggregate Morphology by Image Method and Its Effect on Skid-Resistance of Micro-Surfacing. Materials, 11(6), 920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11060920