Carbide Precipitation during Tempering and Its Effect on the Wear Loss of a High-Carbon 8 Mass% Cr Tool Steel

Li, Shaoying; Xi, Xiaojun; Luo, Yiwa; Mao, Mingtao; Shi, Xiao; Guo, Jing; Guo, Hanjie

doi:10.3390/ma11122491

Open AccessArticle

Carbide Precipitation during Tempering and Its Effect on the Wear Loss of a High-Carbon 8 Mass% Cr Tool Steel

by

Shaoying Li

^1,2,

Xiaojun Xi

^1,2,

Yiwa Luo

^1,2,

Mingtao Mao

^1,2,

Xiao Shi

^1,2,

Jing Guo

^1,2 and

Hanjie Guo

^1,2,*

¹

School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

²

Beijing Key Laboratory of Special Melting and Preparation of High-End Metal Materials, Beijing 100083, China

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Materials 2018, 11(12), 2491; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11122491

Submission received: 7 November 2018 / Revised: 27 November 2018 / Accepted: 5 December 2018 / Published: 7 December 2018

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Multi-scale Mechanical Characterization of Materials with Optical Methods)

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Abstract

In this paper, the precipitation of carbide and wear loss of high-carbon 8 mass% Cr tool steel at two tempering conditions (i.e., 773–803 K and 823–853 K) were studied by INCA Steel, EPMA-1720H, XRD, and ML-10 tester. The results show that the particles of test steels include the carbides (Cr₇C₃ and Cr₂₃C₆) and carbides nucleated on Al₂O₃. When carbides are of the same size, the number of carbides in test steel at a tempering temperature of 773–803 K is greater than that at a tempering temperature of 823–853 K, especially when the size of carbides is less than 5 μm. Compared with the test steel tempered at 823–853 K, the distance between adjacent actual particles reduced by 80.6 μm and the maximum amount of reduction was 9.4% for single wear loss at the tempering temperature of 773–803 K. It can be concluded from thermodynamics results that Al₂O₃ inclusions began to precipitate in liquid, and the precipitation of carbides was at the solid–liquid region. Al₂O₃ can be used as the nucleation interface of carbide, thus promoting the formation of carbides. During the cooling of molten steel, a lower temperature can increase the difference of actual solubility product bigger than equilibrium solubility product, thus promoting the carbide formation.

Keywords: high-carbon 8 mass% Cr tool steel; different tempering temperatures; wear resistance; carbide precipitation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, S.; Xi, X.; Luo, Y.; Mao, M.; Shi, X.; Guo, J.; Guo, H. Carbide Precipitation during Tempering and Its Effect on the Wear Loss of a High-Carbon 8 Mass% Cr Tool Steel. Materials 2018, 11, 2491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11122491

AMA Style

Li S, Xi X, Luo Y, Mao M, Shi X, Guo J, Guo H. Carbide Precipitation during Tempering and Its Effect on the Wear Loss of a High-Carbon 8 Mass% Cr Tool Steel. Materials. 2018; 11(12):2491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11122491

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Shaoying, Xiaojun Xi, Yiwa Luo, Mingtao Mao, Xiao Shi, Jing Guo, and Hanjie Guo. 2018. "Carbide Precipitation during Tempering and Its Effect on the Wear Loss of a High-Carbon 8 Mass% Cr Tool Steel" Materials 11, no. 12: 2491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11122491

APA Style

Li, S., Xi, X., Luo, Y., Mao, M., Shi, X., Guo, J., & Guo, H. (2018). Carbide Precipitation during Tempering and Its Effect on the Wear Loss of a High-Carbon 8 Mass% Cr Tool Steel. Materials, 11(12), 2491. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11122491

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Carbide Precipitation during Tempering and Its Effect on the Wear Loss of a High-Carbon 8 Mass% Cr Tool Steel

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