The Low Velocity Impact Response of Foam Core Sandwich Panels with a Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Face-Sheet
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sample Manufacturing
2.3. Low Velocity Impact Test
2.4. Damage Morphology Observation
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Damage Morphology of the Impacted Foam Core Sandwich Panels
3.2. Impact Responses of Hybrid Sandwich Panels with One Layer of SMA Wires
3.3. Impact Responses of Hybrid Sandwich Panels with Two Layers of SMA Wires
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Modulus (GPa) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Failure Strain (%) | Upper Plateau Stress (MPa) | Lower Plateau Stress (MPa) | Recoverable Strain (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NiTi | 60.6 | 1522.7 | 12.4 | 530.8 | 170.8 | 7.9 |
Category | Ply Mode | Stacking Sequence |
---|---|---|
Without SMA | Ply mode I | 0°/0°/90°/90°/foam core/90°/90°/0°/0° |
With SMA | Ply mode II | 0°/SMA/0°/90°/90°/foam core/90°/90°/0°/0° |
Ply mode III | 0°/0°/90°/SMA/90°/foam core/90°/90°/0°/0° | |
Ply mode IV | 0°/0°/90°/90°/foam core/90°/SMA/90°/0°/0° | |
Ply mode V | 0°/0°/90°/90°/foam core/90°/90°/0°/SMA/0° | |
Ply mode VI | 0°/SMA/0°/90°/SMA/90°/foam core/90°/90°/0°/0° | |
Ply mode VII | 0°/SMA/0°/90°/90°/foam core/90°/SMA/90°/0°/0° | |
Ply mode VIII | 0°/0°/90°/SMA/90°/foam core/90°/90°/0°/SMA/0° | |
Ply mode IX | 0°/0°/90°/90°/foam core/90°/SMA/90°/0°/SMA/0° |
Mode | Maximum Force (kN) | Maximum Displacement (mm) | Energy (J) |
---|---|---|---|
I | 3.41 ± 0.08 | 16.25 ± 0.09 | 32.65 ± 0.13 |
II | 3.58 ± 0.11 | 15.31 ± 0.12 | 32.81 ± 0.16 |
III | 3.78 ± 0.12 | 15.66 ± 0.16 | 32.87 ± 0.17 |
IV | 3.74 ± 0.08 | 15.15 ± 0.14 | 31.52 ± 0.13 |
V | 3.76 ± 0.09 | 15.11 ± 0.12 | 31.31 ± 0.15 |
Mode | Maximum Force (kN) | Maximum Displacement (mm) | Energy (J) |
---|---|---|---|
I | 3.41 ± 0.08 | 16.25 ± 0.09 | 32.65 ± 0.13 |
VI | 3.81 ± 0.13 | 15.06 ± 0.22 | 31.67 ± 0.21 |
VII | 3.92 ± 0.17 | 15.24 ± 0.39 | 32.15 ± 0.27 |
VIII | 3.95 ± 0.16 | 14.98 ± 0.25 | 32.17 ± 0.23 |
IX | 4.37 ± 0.12 | 14.62 ± 0.21 | 32.52 ± 0.19 |
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Li, H.; Wang, Z.; Yu, Z.; Sun, M.; Liu, Y. The Low Velocity Impact Response of Foam Core Sandwich Panels with a Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Face-Sheet. Materials 2018, 11, 2076. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112076
Li H, Wang Z, Yu Z, Sun M, Liu Y. The Low Velocity Impact Response of Foam Core Sandwich Panels with a Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Face-Sheet. Materials. 2018; 11(11):2076. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112076
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Hao, Zhenqing Wang, Zhengwei Yu, Min Sun, and Yanfei Liu. 2018. "The Low Velocity Impact Response of Foam Core Sandwich Panels with a Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Face-Sheet" Materials 11, no. 11: 2076. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112076