Effects of Aluminum Hydroxide and Layered Double Hydroxide on Asphalt Fire Resistance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. The Preparation of Flame-Retardant-Modified Asphalt
3. Methods
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Fire Resistance of Asphalt
4.2. TG Analysis
4.3. DSC Analysis
4.4. FTIR Analysis
4.5. MS Analysis
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The combustion of SBS-modified asphalt could be roughly divided into three stages. The main active temperature range of these flame retardants was 221–483 °C, which covers the first two stages. The addition of flame retardants could significantly reduce the heat released within this temperature range, among which mixed flame retardants were the most effective, reducing the heat release by 34.89%.
- (2)
- The main components in smoke emitted were: carbon dioxide, aldehyde, carbon monoxide, alkanes, methane, and water vapor. Aldehyde and carbon monoxide were the main sources of smoke toxicity, and carbon dioxide and methane are the main greenhouse gases. The addition of flame retardants significantly reduced the content of aldehydes, carbon monoxide, and methane, which indicated that the flame retardant could also inhibit smoke emission.
- (3)
- The main role of the flame retardant in SBS-modified asphalt was to decompose and absorb heat, and to inhibit the decomposition of lightweight components in the initial stage of combustion. Secondly, the decomposition products of flame retardants were inorganic metallic oxides, which could promote the formation of a carbon layer in the course of asphalt combustion.
- (4)
- Due to the good synergistic effect of ATH and LDHs, the mixed flame retardant has the best flame-retardant and smoke-suppression effects.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name of Material | LOI (%) |
---|---|
SBS | 19.3 |
SBS + 5% ATH | 20.5 |
SBS + 10% ATH | 21.7 |
SBS + 15% ATH | 23.2 |
SBS + 20% ATH | 25.0 |
SBS + 25% ATH | 26.6 |
SBS + 30% ATH | 28.4 |
SBS + 5% LHDs | 20.7 |
SBS + 10% LDHs | 21.3 |
SBS + 15% LDHs | 21.6 |
SBS + 20% LDHs | 22.5 |
SBS + 10% ATH + 2.5% LDHs | 23.4 |
SBS + 10% ATH + 5% LDHs | 24.6 |
SBS + 10% ATH + 7.5% LDHs | 26.0 |
SBS + 10% ATH + 10% LDHs | 27.3 |
S0 | S1 | S2 | S3 |
---|---|---|---|
455.35 | 327.63 | 318.19 | 296.47 |
HI1 | HI2 | HI3 |
---|---|---|
28.05% | 30.12% | 34.89% |
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Li, M.; Pang, L.; Chen, M.; Xie, J.; Liu, Q. Effects of Aluminum Hydroxide and Layered Double Hydroxide on Asphalt Fire Resistance. Materials 2018, 11, 1939. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11101939
Li M, Pang L, Chen M, Xie J, Liu Q. Effects of Aluminum Hydroxide and Layered Double Hydroxide on Asphalt Fire Resistance. Materials. 2018; 11(10):1939. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11101939
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Menglin, Ling Pang, Meizhu Chen, Jun Xie, and Quantao Liu. 2018. "Effects of Aluminum Hydroxide and Layered Double Hydroxide on Asphalt Fire Resistance" Materials 11, no. 10: 1939. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11101939
APA StyleLi, M., Pang, L., Chen, M., Xie, J., & Liu, Q. (2018). Effects of Aluminum Hydroxide and Layered Double Hydroxide on Asphalt Fire Resistance. Materials, 11(10), 1939. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11101939