Laser Indirect Shock Welding of Fine Wire to Metal Sheet
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mechanism of Laser Indirect Shock Welding
3. Experimental Preparation and Equipment
3.1. Experimental Preparation
3.2. Experimental Equipment
4. Experimental Results and Discussion
4.1. Morphology of Welding Examples
4.2. Welding Interface
4.3. Tensile Shear Test
4.4. Microhardness Variation
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Cu wire and Ag wire were successfully welded to Al sheets by LISW. High surface quality was obtained with the use of driver sheet in comparison to focusing the laser beam directly on Al sheet.
- (2)
- With the increase of laser pulse energy, the bonding area of sheet/wire increased. The bottom of the Ag wire can also be welded to the Al sheet due to the good plasticity of the Ag wire. Jetting was observed and was essential for the shock welding between wire and metal sheet. The welding interfaces are nearly flat and the waves are small. According to the EDS analysis, the intermetallic phases are absent and a short element diffusion layer emerges at the sheet/wire welding interface.
- (3)
- There were two failure modes in the tensile shear tests. Samples welded by 1020 mJ failed through the interface and samples welded by 1550 mJ failed through the wire. According to the load-displacement curves, failure through the wire indicates adequately stronger bonds than failure through the interface.
- (4)
- As the distance to the welding interface decreases, the microhardness increases gradually. The microhardness measured near the interface was obviously increased owing to the heavy plastic deformation, cold quenching, and microstructure evolution. In addition, the sudden shock of the laser can also contribute to the increase of microhardness on the surface of Al sheet.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Al | Mn | Si | Cu | Mg | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
99.2 | 0.05 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.4 |
Cu | Bi | Sb | As | Fe | Pb | S | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
99.9 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.01 |
Ag | Cu | Bi | Fe | Pb | Sb | Pd | Se | Te |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
99.99 | 0.003 | 0.0008 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.0005 | 0.0005 |
Parameters | Values |
---|---|
Material combinations | Al sheet/Cu wire, Al sheet/Ag wire |
Sheet size (mm) | 8 × 8 × 0.1 |
Diameter of wire (mm) | 0.15 |
Standoff distance (mm) | 0.2 |
Diameter of laser spot (mm) | 1.5 |
Laser pulse energy (mJ) | 1020, 1200, 1380, 1550 |
Parameters | Values |
---|---|
Pulse energy | 80–1800 mJ |
Pulse Width | 8 ns |
Wave Length | 1064 nm |
Exit spot diameter | 9 mm |
Energy Stability | <±1% |
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Wang, X.; Huang, T.; Luo, Y.; Liu, H. Laser Indirect Shock Welding of Fine Wire to Metal Sheet. Materials 2017, 10, 1070. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10091070
Wang X, Huang T, Luo Y, Liu H. Laser Indirect Shock Welding of Fine Wire to Metal Sheet. Materials. 2017; 10(9):1070. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10091070
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Xiao, Tao Huang, Yapeng Luo, and Huixia Liu. 2017. "Laser Indirect Shock Welding of Fine Wire to Metal Sheet" Materials 10, no. 9: 1070. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10091070
APA StyleWang, X., Huang, T., Luo, Y., & Liu, H. (2017). Laser Indirect Shock Welding of Fine Wire to Metal Sheet. Materials, 10(9), 1070. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10091070