Effects of Fluoride on Two Chemical Models of Enamel Demineralization
Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Materials 2017, 10(11), 1245; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10111245
Received: 12 September 2017 / Revised: 23 October 2017 / Accepted: 26 October 2017 / Published: 27 October 2017
(This article belongs to the Section Biomaterials)
This study evaluated the effects of fluoride on subsurface enamel demineralization induced by two commonly used chemical models. Forty-eight enamel blocks were demineralized at pH = 5.0 by an acetate buffer (Group 1), a lactate buffer (Group 2), an acetate buffer with 0.02 ppm fluoride (Group 3) and a lactate buffer with 0.02 ppm fluoride (Group 4) at 25 °C for 3 weeks. The surface destruction percentage (SDP), mineral loss and lesion depth of the blocks were studied using micro-computed tomography. An elemental analysis of the enamel surface was evaluated using an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Surface micro-hardness was determined by the Knoop Hardness Test. The mean lesion depth of Groups 1 through 4 were 134.1 ± 27.2 μm, 96.1 ± 16.5 μm, 97.5 ± 22.4 μm and 91.1 ± 16.2 μm, respectively (p < 0.001; group 1 > 2, 3 > 4). The SDPs of groups 1 through 4 were 7.8 ± 8.93%, 0.71 ± 1.6%, 0.36 ± 1.70% and 1.36 ± 2.94% (p < 0.001; group 1 > 2, 3, 4). The fluoride in mean weight percentages of groups 1 through 4 were 1.12 ± 0.24%, 1.10 ± 0.20%, 1.45 ± 0.40% and 1.51 ± 0.51%, respectively (p < 0.001; group 3, 4 > 1, 2). The mean Knoop hardness values of groups 1 through 4 were 27.5 ± 13.3, 39.7 ± 19.3, 73.6 ± 44.2 and 91.0 ± 57.2, respectively (p < 0.001; group 4 > 3 > 2 > 1). The chemical model using an acetate buffer solution created significantly deeper zones of subsurface demineralization on enamel than the lactate buffer solution. An acetate buffer may damage the enamel surface, but the surface damage can be prevented by adding fluoride.
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Keywords:
demineralization; enamel; fluoride
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MDPI and ACS Style
Yu, O.Y.; Mei, M.L.; Zhao, I.S.; Lo, E.C.-M.; Chu, C.-H. Effects of Fluoride on Two Chemical Models of Enamel Demineralization. Materials 2017, 10, 1245. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10111245
AMA Style
Yu OY, Mei ML, Zhao IS, Lo EC-M, Chu C-H. Effects of Fluoride on Two Chemical Models of Enamel Demineralization. Materials. 2017; 10(11):1245. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10111245
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Ollie Yiru; Mei, May Lei; Zhao, Irene Shuping; Lo, Edward Chin-Man; Chu, Chun-Hung. 2017. "Effects of Fluoride on Two Chemical Models of Enamel Demineralization" Materials 10, no. 11: 1245. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10111245
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