Visualization of International Energy Policy Research
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Samples
2.1. Research Method
2.2. Data Source and Distribution
Rank | Countries | Records | Percentage | Fields | Records | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | USA | 1000 | 30.40 | Energy fuels | 1181 | 35.90 |
2 | England | 291 | 8.85 | Environ. Sciences and Ecology | 877 | 26.66 |
3 | Canada | 105 | 3.19 | Engineering | 712 | 21.64 |
4 | China | 99 | 3.01 | Business Economics | 475 | 14.44 |
5 | Germany | 95 | 2.89 | Governmental Law | 368 | 11.19 |
6 | Netherlands | 86 | 2.61 | Public Administration | 255 | 7.75 |
7 | Australia | 48 | 1.46 | International Relations | 173 | 5.26 |
8 | France | 48 | 1.46 | Nuclear Science Tech | 147 | 4.47 |
9 | Sweden | 45 | 1.37 | Science Technology | 118 | 3.59 |
10 | India | 40 | 1.22 | Social Sciences | 95 | 2.89 |
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Research Front Progress
Begin | End | Burst Term | Begin | End | Burst Term |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1961 | 1974 | international control | 1978 | 1980 | western energy policy |
1962 | 1977 | US foreign policy | 1979 | 1988 | energy policy modeling |
1964 | 1967 | 4th-republic | 1980 | 2000 | energy economics |
1964 | 1980 | atomic energy policy | 1980 | 1987 | energy-issues |
1971 | 1990 | national energy policy | 1980 | 1983 | Soviet energy system |
1972 | 1990 | national policy | 1981 | 1984 | Soviet energy technology |
1975 | 1983 | government policy | 1985 | 1986 | business-gov relation |
1975 | 1986 | Canadian energy policy | 1985 | 1989 | international perspective |
1975 | 1996 | nuclear energy policy | 1987 | 1988 | forming economic policy |
1975 | 1976 | policy execution | 1987 | 1990 | fossil fuel policy |
1975 | 1978 | policy making | 1993 | 1994 | energy policy act |
1975 | 1992 | US energy policy | 1993 | 1993 | energy technology policy |
1975 | 1982 | world energy policy | 1993 | 1997 | market failure |
1976 | 1990 | policy analysis | 1994 | 1998 | developing countries |
1977 | 1992 | energy planning | 1995 | 2004 | environmental policy |
1977 | 1988 | energy policy analysis | 1997 | 2005 | energy source |
1977 | 1994 | Swedish energy policy | 2000 | 2001 | energy policy |
1978 | 1995 | energy conser. policy | 2006 | - | climate policy |
1978 | 1980 | new dimension | 2009 | - | energy security |
1978 | 1978 | Carter adm. approach | 2009 | - | Chinese government |
1978 | 1993 | UK energy policy | 2009 | - | climate change |
3.2. Intellectual Basis and Evolution
Author | Year | Source | Half-Life (Years) | Author | Year | Source | Half-Life (Years) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1960s–1980s | 1990s–2010s | ||||||
Sundquist | 1969 | Making Federalism Work | 11 | Arrow | 1962 | Rev Econ Stud | 47 |
Meadows | 1972 | Limits to Growth | 7 | Hausman | 1979 | Bell J Econ | 31 |
Schurr | 1972 | Johns Hopkins Univ | 6 | Jaffe | 1994 | Res Energy Econ | 16 |
Lovins | 1977 | Soft Energy Path | 6 | Rein | 1993 | Reframing Policy Discourse | 16 |
Craig | 1978 | J Consum Res | 6 | Jaffe | 1994 | Energy Policy | 15 |
Christensen | 1973 | Rev Econ Stat | 5 | Hajer | 1995 | Clarendon Press | 14 |
Light | 1976 | Publius | 4 | Kaygusuz | 2002 | Renew Energy | 8 |
Landsberg | 1979 | Energy Next 20 Years | 4 | Popp | 2002 | Am Econ Rev | 8 |
Yokell | 1979 | AM Econ Rev | 4 | Mitchell | 2000 | Annu Rev Energy Env | 7 |
Stobaugh | 1979 | Energy Future | 4 | Kaygusuz | 2003 | Energy Convers Manag | 7 |
Berndt | 1975 | Rev Econ Stat | 4 | Greening | 2004 | Energy Policy | 6 |
Blair | 1976 | Control Oil | 4 | Kingdon | 2003 | Agen Altern | 6 |
Koreisha | 1979 | Energy Future | 4 | Abrahamse | 2005 | J Environ Psych | 5 |
Lovins | 1976 | Foreign Affairs | 3 | Lauber | 2004 | Energy Policy | 5 |
Socolow | 1978 | Saving Energy Home | 3 | Liu | 2002 | Energy Policy | 5 |
Griffin | 1976 | AM Econ Rev | 3 | Jaffe | 2005 | Ecol Econ | 4 |
Willrich | 1974 | Nuclear Theft Risks | 3 | Mitchell | 2006 | Energy Policy | 3 |
Joskow | 1976 | Bell J Econ | 3 | Lewis | 2007 | Energy Policy | 3 |
Nikamp | 1977 | Theory Appl | 3 | IPCC | 2007 | IPCC | 3 |
3.3. Research Hot Spot Evolution
Time Span | High-Frequency & Centrality Terms |
---|---|
1961–1965 | international control; European industrial-policy; Atlantic energy policy |
1966–1970 | 4th republic; energy policy; economic policy; common European energy policy; atomic era; economic comparison |
1971–1975 | energy policy; national energy policy; national policy; atomic energy; Americas energy future; policy execution; policy making; energy policy project |
1976–1980 | national energy policy; Carter administration approach; policy execution; policy making; United States energy policy; energy policy; world energy policy; new dimension; western energy policy; United States foreign policy; Soviet foreign policy; energy planning |
1981–1985 | United States energy policy; energy policy; national energy policy; policy analysis; today’s problems; Soviet energy technology; yesterday’s solution; energy issues; energy economics; business-government relation |
1986–1990 | fossil fuel policy; forming economic policy; development policy; coal technology; national energy policy; United States energy policy; energy policy analysis; energy conservation policy |
1991–1995 | energy policy; environmental policy; energy efficiency; energy policy act; nuclear power; developing countries; CO2 emissions; energy conservation policy; energy technology policy; postwar Japan; developing countries; market failure; energy markets; policy implications |
1996–2000 | energy policy; energy efficiency; renewable energy; European union; energy consumption; energy sector; developing countries; climate change; economic growth; renewable energy source; renewable energy technology; electricity generation; energy system |
2001–2005 | energy policy; renewable energy; energy efficiency; natural gas; energy sector; sustainable development; environmental policy; nuclear power; national energy policy; energy source; climate change; energy consumption |
2006–2010 | energy policy; renewable energy; energy efficiency; climate change; renewable energy source; energy consumption; energy security; energy resources; sustainable energy; renewable energy policy; public policy; policy instruments; energy supply; climate policy; European union; electricity generation; natural gas |
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Energy policy research is a multi-disciplinary endeavor, with many actors and stakeholders operating at different levels in national and international contexts. The onus is on policymakers and energy policy professionals to better understand how to leverage the combined resources and talents of the academic, public, private and nonprofit organizations to resolve complex problems related to energy issues.
- (2)
- Several disciplines including economics, sociology, geography, political science, philosophy, engineering, urban planning and environmental studies have contributed to, and formed the backbone of, energy policy research. Development of theoretical concepts in each field and fusion of research disciplines provide a useful means to interpret, estimate, adjust, predict and plan the evolution of energy policies and their impacts.
- (3)
- Recent trends show energy policy studies have broken through boundaries of energy economics into a more comprehensive arena including climate change, ecological protection and environmental impact. Moreover, the picture of international energy policies is undergoing rapid change in light of the emergence of developing countries’ growing influence driven by the high demand for energy and the imperative to reduce environmental impacts for balanced outcomes.
- (4)
- Recent studies on energy policy focus on several terms such as evaluation and prediction of energy policy, governments’ role in energy market or energy projects, path to improving renewable energy application, coordination of energy consumption, economic growth and climate change, and synergy of domestic and foreign policies.
- (5)
- The data-retrieving method used in the paper still has limitations as some relevant references may be excluded when specific terms do not explicitly appear in the “topic” section. In this case, further studies should incorporate articles from critically acknowledged journals in the field, such as the journal of Energy Policy. In so doing, the updated work would help to provide additional insights on the subject.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wang, X.; Nathwani, J.; Wu, C. Visualization of International Energy Policy Research. Energies 2016, 9, 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9020072
Wang X, Nathwani J, Wu C. Visualization of International Energy Policy Research. Energies. 2016; 9(2):72. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9020072
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Xiaoling, Jatin Nathwani, and Chunyou Wu. 2016. "Visualization of International Energy Policy Research" Energies 9, no. 2: 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9020072