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Volume 9
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Article

Thermal Cracking of Jatropha Oil with Hydrogen to Produce Bio-Fuel Oil

by
Yi-Yu Wang
1,
Chia-Chi Chang
1,
Ching-Yuan Chang
1,2,*,
Yi-Hung Chen
3,
Je-Lueng Shie
4,
Min-Hao Yuan
5,
Yen-Hau Chen
1,
Li-Xuan Huang
1,
Cesar Augusto Andrade-Tacca
1,
Do Van Manh
6,
Min-Yi Tsai
1 and
Michael Huang
1
1
Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
3
Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
4
Department of Environmental Engineering, National Ilan University, I-Lan 26047, Taiwan
5
Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
6
Danang Environmental Technology Center, Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Da Nang City 550000, Vietnam
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2016, 9(11), 910; https://doi.org/10.3390/en9110910
Submission received: 24 September 2016 / Revised: 26 October 2016 / Accepted: 28 October 2016 / Published: 3 November 2016
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Abstract

This study used thermal cracking with hydrogen (HTC) to produce bio-fuel oil (BFO) from jatropha oil (JO) and to improve its quality. We conducted HTC with different hydrogen pressures (PH2; 0–2.07 MPa or 0–300 psig), retention times (tr; 40–780 min), and set temperatures (TC; 623–683 K). By applying HTC, the oil molecules can be hydrogenated and broken down into smaller molecules. The acid value (AV), iodine value, kinematic viscosity (KV), density, and heating value (HV) of the BFO produced were measured and compared with the prevailing standards for oil to assess its suitability as a substitute for fossil fuels or biofuels. The results indicate that an increase in PH2 tends to increase the AV and KV while decreasing the HV of the BFO. The BFO yield (YBFO) increases with PH2 and tr. The above properties decrease with increasing TC. Upon HTC at 0.69 MPa (100 psig) H2 pressure, 60 min time, and 683 K temperature, the YBFO was found to be 86 wt%. The resulting BFO possesses simulated distillation characteristics superior to those of boat oil and heavy oil while being similar to those of diesel oil. The BFO contains 15.48% light naphtha, 35.73% heavy naphtha, 21.79% light gas oil, and 27% heavy gas oil and vacuum residue. These constituents can be further refined to produce gasoline, diesel, lubricants, and other fuel products.
Keywords: jatropha oil (JO); hydrogenation; cracking; bio-fuel oil jatropha oil (JO); hydrogenation; cracking; bio-fuel oil

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, Y.-Y.; Chang, C.-C.; Chang, C.-Y.; Chen, Y.-H.; Shie, J.-L.; Yuan, M.-H.; Chen, Y.-H.; Huang, L.-X.; Andrade-Tacca, C.A.; Manh, D.V.; et al. Thermal Cracking of Jatropha Oil with Hydrogen to Produce Bio-Fuel Oil. Energies 2016, 9, 910. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9110910

AMA Style

Wang Y-Y, Chang C-C, Chang C-Y, Chen Y-H, Shie J-L, Yuan M-H, Chen Y-H, Huang L-X, Andrade-Tacca CA, Manh DV, et al. Thermal Cracking of Jatropha Oil with Hydrogen to Produce Bio-Fuel Oil. Energies. 2016; 9(11):910. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9110910

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Yi-Yu, Chia-Chi Chang, Ching-Yuan Chang, Yi-Hung Chen, Je-Lueng Shie, Min-Hao Yuan, Yen-Hau Chen, Li-Xuan Huang, Cesar Augusto Andrade-Tacca, Do Van Manh, and et al. 2016. "Thermal Cracking of Jatropha Oil with Hydrogen to Produce Bio-Fuel Oil" Energies 9, no. 11: 910. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9110910

APA Style

Wang, Y.-Y., Chang, C.-C., Chang, C.-Y., Chen, Y.-H., Shie, J.-L., Yuan, M.-H., Chen, Y.-H., Huang, L.-X., Andrade-Tacca, C. A., Manh, D. V., Tsai, M.-Y., & Huang, M. (2016). Thermal Cracking of Jatropha Oil with Hydrogen to Produce Bio-Fuel Oil. Energies, 9(11), 910. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9110910

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