Optimal Configuration Strategy of PV and ESS for Enhancing the Regulation Capability of Electric Vehicles Under the Scenario of Orderly Power Utilization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- An EV charging and discharging load model is developed based on traffic road and distribution network topology.
- (2)
- An optimal configuration model of PV and ESS that accounts for EV travel characteristics is established.
- (3)
- Based on the PV and ESS configuration scheme, an orderly power utilization incentive strategy for EV users is proposed to promote the supply–demand balance of the power system.
2. EV, PV, and ESS Operation Model
2.1. EV Operation Model
2.1.1. Traffic Network–Distribution Network Model
2.1.2. EV Travel Model
2.1.3. EV Charging and Discharging Model
2.2. PV and ESS Operation Model
2.2.1. Distributed PV Power Plant Modeling
2.2.2. Energy Storage System Modeling
3. PV and ESS Optimal Configuration Model
3.1. Objective Function
3.2. Constraints
4. EV Power Utilization Incentive Strategy
4.1. EV Objective Function
4.2. EV Constraints
5. Example Analysis
5.1. Simulation System Establishment
5.2. Results Analysis
5.2.1. Scenario 1
5.2.2. Scenario 2
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- By implementing electricity price incentives, EV users can be effectively guided to participate in orderly power utilization, reducing the pressure on renewable energy consumption. As shown in the simulation results, the regulation capacity utilization rate of EVs increased from 30% to 95%, achieving negative cost travel. Additionally, the participation rate of EVs in the consumption of distributed photovoltaics reached 100%.
- (2)
- The charging and discharging behavior of EV users can closely match the output of renewable energy, promote the balance between supply and demand, and play a coordinating role between PV and ESS configuration to improve the economic efficiency of EV operation. In the scenarios considered in this paper, the operation of electric vehicles (EVs) is taken into account to further reduce the configuration costs of distributed resources.
- (3)
- The OD travel matrix model of EVs is used to simulate the daily travel demand of EV users. The modeling of EV charging and discharging characteristics is more precise, which can accurately simulate the SOC state of each EV user, so as to evaluate the surplus capacity of EV users for OPU.
- (4)
- By incorporating the number and capacity of EVs, the configuration location of DERs can be modified, which can effectively improve the interaction depth between EVs and DERs.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PV | ESS | ||
---|---|---|---|
Investment cost | 715.2 $/kW | Investment cost | 1142.9 $/kWh |
Operating cost | 0.014 $/kW | Operating cost | 0.007 $/kW |
Range of capacity | 0~750 kW | Range of capacity | 0~200 kW/800 kWh |
Abandon light cost | 0.095 $/kW | Charge efficiency | 90% |
Discount rate | 0.08 | ||
Service life | 10 year |
EV Parameters | |
---|---|
EV total number | 1000 |
EV charging power | 40 kW |
EV discharging power | 25 kW |
EV charging and discharging efficiency | 90% |
EV capacity | 45~50 kWh |
Scenario | Parameters | |
---|---|---|
Scenario 1 | EV charging cost ($) | 187.25 |
EV discharging subsidy ($) | 0 | |
EV user total cost ($) | 187.25 | |
Scenario 2 | PV investment cost ($) | 26,607 |
PV operation cost ($) | 81 | |
ESS investment cost ($) | 28,948 | |
Network loss cost ($) | 1353 | |
EV configuration subsidy ($) | −1759 | |
Total cost ($) | 55,230 | |
EV charging cost ($) | 179.45 | |
EV discharging subsidy ($) | 551.71 | |
EV user total cost ($) | −372.26 |
PV | ESS | ||
---|---|---|---|
Location | Capacity | Location | Capacity |
30 | 310.7 kW | 13 | 100 kW/400 kWh |
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Wang, S.; Qiu, P.; Feng, Y.; Jin, X. Optimal Configuration Strategy of PV and ESS for Enhancing the Regulation Capability of Electric Vehicles Under the Scenario of Orderly Power Utilization. Energies 2025, 18, 1530. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061530
Wang S, Qiu P, Feng Y, Jin X. Optimal Configuration Strategy of PV and ESS for Enhancing the Regulation Capability of Electric Vehicles Under the Scenario of Orderly Power Utilization. Energies. 2025; 18(6):1530. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061530
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Shunjiang, Peng Qiu, Yiwen Feng, and Xu Jin. 2025. "Optimal Configuration Strategy of PV and ESS for Enhancing the Regulation Capability of Electric Vehicles Under the Scenario of Orderly Power Utilization" Energies 18, no. 6: 1530. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061530
APA StyleWang, S., Qiu, P., Feng, Y., & Jin, X. (2025). Optimal Configuration Strategy of PV and ESS for Enhancing the Regulation Capability of Electric Vehicles Under the Scenario of Orderly Power Utilization. Energies, 18(6), 1530. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061530