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Open AccessArticle
Green Energy Fuelling Stations in Road Transport: Poland in the European and Global Context
by
Tomasz Neumann
Tomasz Neumann
Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
Energies 2025, 18(15), 4110; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154110 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 30 May 2025
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Revised: 28 July 2025
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Accepted: 1 August 2025
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Published: 2 August 2025
Abstract
The transition to green energy in the transport sector is becoming a priority in the context of global climate challenges and the European Green Deal. This paper investigates the development of alternative fuelling stations, particularly electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure and hydrogen stations, across EU countries with a focus on Poland. It combines a policy and technology overview with a quantitative scientific analysis, offering a multidimensional perspective on green infrastructure deployment. A Pearson correlation analysis reveals significant links between charging station density and both GDP per capita and the share of renewable energy. The study introduces an original Infrastructure Accessibility Index (IAI) to compare infrastructure availability across EU member states and models Poland’s EV charging station demand up to 2030 under multiple growth scenarios. Furthermore, the article provides a comprehensive overview of biofuels, including first-, second-, and third-generation technologies, and highlights recent advances in hydrogen and renewable electricity integration. Emphasis is placed on life cycle considerations, energy source sustainability, and economic implications. The findings support policy development toward zero-emission mobility and the decarbonisation of transport systems, offering recommendations for infrastructure expansion and energy diversification strategies.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Neumann, T.
Green Energy Fuelling Stations in Road Transport: Poland in the European and Global Context. Energies 2025, 18, 4110.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154110
AMA Style
Neumann T.
Green Energy Fuelling Stations in Road Transport: Poland in the European and Global Context. Energies. 2025; 18(15):4110.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154110
Chicago/Turabian Style
Neumann, Tomasz.
2025. "Green Energy Fuelling Stations in Road Transport: Poland in the European and Global Context" Energies 18, no. 15: 4110.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154110
APA Style
Neumann, T.
(2025). Green Energy Fuelling Stations in Road Transport: Poland in the European and Global Context. Energies, 18(15), 4110.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154110
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