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Energies
Volume 18
Issue 14
10.3390/en18143864
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Key Factors, Degradation Mechanisms, and Optimization Strategies for SCO2 Heat Transfer in Microchannels: A Review

by
Lianghui Guo
1,2,†,
Ran Liu
1,2,†,
Xiaoqin Xiong
1,2,
Xinzhe Li
1,2,
Aoxiang Yin
1,
Runyao Han
1,
Jiahao Zhang
1,
Zhuoqian Liu
1 and
Keke Zhi
1,*
1
Department of Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China
2
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Medium Pipeline Safety Transportation, Urumqi 830011, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contribute equally to this work.
Energies 2025, 18(14), 3864; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18143864 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 27 May 2025 / Revised: 10 July 2025 / Accepted: 14 July 2025 / Published: 20 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Section J1: Heat and Mass Transfer)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Despite a growing body of research on supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) heat transfer in microchannels, comprehensive reviews remain scarce. Existing studies predominantly focus on isolated experiments or simulations, yielding inconsistent findings and lacking a unified theory or optimization framework. This review systematically consolidates recent SCO2 microchannel heat transfer advancements, emphasizing key performance factors, degradation mechanisms, and optimization strategies. We critically analyze over 260 studies (1962–2024), evaluating the experimental and numerical methodologies, heat transfer deterioration (HTD) phenomena, and efficiency enhancement techniques. Key challenges include the complexity of heat transfer mechanisms, discrepancies in experimental outcomes, and the absence of standardized evaluation criteria. Future research directions involve refining predictive models, developing mitigation strategies for HTD, and optimizing microchannel geometries to enhance thermal performance. This work not only integrates the current knowledge but also provides actionable insights for advancing SCO2-based technologies in energy systems.
Keywords: supercritical carbon dioxide; microchannels; heat transfer degradation; thermophysical properties; optimization strategies supercritical carbon dioxide; microchannels; heat transfer degradation; thermophysical properties; optimization strategies

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Guo, L.; Liu, R.; Xiong, X.; Li, X.; Yin, A.; Han, R.; Zhang, J.; Liu, Z.; Zhi, K. Key Factors, Degradation Mechanisms, and Optimization Strategies for SCO2 Heat Transfer in Microchannels: A Review. Energies 2025, 18, 3864. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18143864

AMA Style

Guo L, Liu R, Xiong X, Li X, Yin A, Han R, Zhang J, Liu Z, Zhi K. Key Factors, Degradation Mechanisms, and Optimization Strategies for SCO2 Heat Transfer in Microchannels: A Review. Energies. 2025; 18(14):3864. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18143864

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guo, Lianghui, Ran Liu, Xiaoqin Xiong, Xinzhe Li, Aoxiang Yin, Runyao Han, Jiahao Zhang, Zhuoqian Liu, and Keke Zhi. 2025. "Key Factors, Degradation Mechanisms, and Optimization Strategies for SCO2 Heat Transfer in Microchannels: A Review" Energies 18, no. 14: 3864. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18143864

APA Style

Guo, L., Liu, R., Xiong, X., Li, X., Yin, A., Han, R., Zhang, J., Liu, Z., & Zhi, K. (2025). Key Factors, Degradation Mechanisms, and Optimization Strategies for SCO2 Heat Transfer in Microchannels: A Review. Energies, 18(14), 3864. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18143864

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