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Volume 18
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10.3390/en18102582
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Optimization of Energy Use for Zero-Carbon Buildings Considering Intraday Source-Load Uncertainties

by
Guiqing Feng
1,*,
Kun Yu
2,
Yuntian Zheng
2,
Le Bu
2,
Jinfan Chen
2,
Wenli Xu
2 and
Xingying Chen
2
1
SEC (Shenzhen) Innovation & Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
2
School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2025, 18(10), 2582; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102582
Submission received: 29 April 2025 / Revised: 10 May 2025 / Accepted: 15 May 2025 / Published: 16 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances and Prospects in Net Zero Energy Buildings and Positive Energy Districts)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Building operational energy consumption accounts for a significant share of global energy consumption, and it is crucial to promote renewable energy self-sufficiency and operational optimization for zero-carbon buildings. However, scheduling strategies relying on day-ahead forecasts have limitations, and ignoring the ambiguity of short-term source-load forecasts is prone to the risk of scheduling failures. To address this issue, this study proposes an intraday optimization method for zero-carbon buildings under the source-load fuzzy space, which innovatively constructs a fuzzy chance constraint model of Photovoltaic (PV) output and load demand, enforces energy self-sufficiency as a constraint, and establishes a multi-objective optimization framework with thermal comfort as the main objective and power adjustment balance as the sub-objective, so as to quantify the decision risk through intraday energy optimization. Experiments show that the proposed method quantifies the decision-maker’s risk preference through fuzzy opportunity constraints, balances conservatism and aggressive strategies, and improves thermal comfort while safeguarding energy independence, providing a risk-controllable scheduling paradigm for the decarbonized operation of buildings.
Keywords: zero-carbon buildings; source-load uncertainty; fuzzy chance constraints; intraday energy optimization zero-carbon buildings; source-load uncertainty; fuzzy chance constraints; intraday energy optimization

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MDPI and ACS Style

Feng, G.; Yu, K.; Zheng, Y.; Bu, L.; Chen, J.; Xu, W.; Chen, X. Optimization of Energy Use for Zero-Carbon Buildings Considering Intraday Source-Load Uncertainties. Energies 2025, 18, 2582. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102582

AMA Style

Feng G, Yu K, Zheng Y, Bu L, Chen J, Xu W, Chen X. Optimization of Energy Use for Zero-Carbon Buildings Considering Intraday Source-Load Uncertainties. Energies. 2025; 18(10):2582. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102582

Chicago/Turabian Style

Feng, Guiqing, Kun Yu, Yuntian Zheng, Le Bu, Jinfan Chen, Wenli Xu, and Xingying Chen. 2025. "Optimization of Energy Use for Zero-Carbon Buildings Considering Intraday Source-Load Uncertainties" Energies 18, no. 10: 2582. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102582

APA Style

Feng, G., Yu, K., Zheng, Y., Bu, L., Chen, J., Xu, W., & Chen, X. (2025). Optimization of Energy Use for Zero-Carbon Buildings Considering Intraday Source-Load Uncertainties. Energies, 18(10), 2582. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102582

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