Synergistic Effect of Water-Soluble Hydroxylated Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoribbons Coupled with Tetra Butyl Ammonium Bromide on Kinetics of Carbon Dioxide Hydrate Formation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Materials
2.2. Experimental Apparatus
2.3. Experimental Procedures
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Phase Equilibrium of Hydrate Formation
3.2. Hydrate Formation Kinetics
3.2.1. Induction Time
3.2.2. Gas Consumption
3.3. Pressure and Temperature Conditions
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Runs | Concentration (wt%) | Gas Consumption (mol) | Induction Time (min) |
---|---|---|---|
Run 1 | 0.00 | 0.2204 ± 0.0021 | 34.6 ± 0.6 |
Run 2 | 0.02 MWCNTols | 0.2401 ± 0.0032 | 19.3 ± 1.5 |
Run 3 | 0.04 MWCNTols | 0.2352 ± 0.0025 | 23.1 ± 0.5 |
Run 4 | 0.06 MWCNTols | 0.2368 ± 0.0031 | 22.5 ± 1.0 |
Run 5 | 0.08 MWCNTols | 0.2329 ± 0.0027 | 23.4 ± 1.0 |
Run 6 | 0.10 MWCNTols | 0.2342 ± 0.0029 | 23.7 ± 0.6 |
Run 7 | 0.02 GN | 0.2241 ± 0.0022 | 28.1 ± 1.2 |
Run 8 | 0.04 GN | 0.2278 ± 0.0026 | 26.8 ± 0.8 |
Run 9 | 0.06 GN | 0.2333 ± 0.0021 | 24.3 ± 1.0 |
Run 10 | 0.08 GN | 0.2434 ± 0.0030 | 22.5 ± 0.5 |
Run 11 | 0.10 GN | 0.2367 ± 0.0025 | 21.8 ± 0.8 |
Runs | Systems | P (MPa) | T (K) | Gas Consumption (mol) | Induction Time (min) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Run 12 | 9.01 wt% TBAB | 1.5 | 277.15 | 0.0701 ± 0.0021 | 52.3 ± 2.0 |
Run 13 | 9.01 wt% TBAB + 0.02 wt% MWCNTols | 1.5 | 277.15 | 0.0862 ± 0.0019 | 26.2 ± 1.8 |
Run 14 | 9.01 wt% TBAB + 0.02 wt% GN | 1.5 | 277.15 | 0.0745 ± 0.0026 | 38.7 ± 2.3 |
Run 15 | 9.01 wt% TBAB | 3.5 | 277.15 | 0.2991 ± 0.0027 | 18.2 ± 0.8 |
Run 16 | 9.01 wt% TBAB + 0.02 wt% MWCNTols | 3.5 | 277.15 | 0.3311 ± 0.0026 | 8.1 ± 1.2 |
Run 17 | 9.01 wt% TBAB + 0.02 wt% GN | 3.5 | 277.15 | 0.3110 ± 0.0023 | 12.5 ± 0.8 |
Run 18 | 9.01 wt% TBAB | 2.5 | 276.15 | 0.2304 ± 0.0028 | 23.6 ± 1.6 |
Run 19 | 9.01 wt% TBAB + 0.02 wt% MWCNTols | 2.5 | 276.15 | 0.2543 ± 0.0026 | 10.1 ± 0.6 |
Run 20 | 9.01 wt% TBAB + 0.02 wt% GN | 2.5 | 276.15 | 0.2395 ± 0.0022 | 15.2 ± 1.0 |
Run 21 | 9.01 wt% TBAB | 2.5 | 278.15 | 0.2025 ± 0.0023 | 46.5 ± 0.5 |
Run 22 | 9.01 wt% TBAB + 0.02 wt% MWCNTols | 2.5 | 278.15 | 0.2237 ± 0.0024 | 24.3 ± 1.8 |
Run 23 | 9.01 wt% TBAB + 0.02 wt% GN | 2.5 | 278.15 | 0.2086 ± 0.0021 | 33.8 ± 1.5 |
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Wang, S.-L.; Xiao, Y.-Y.; Zhou, S.-D.; Jiang, K.; Yu, Y.-S.; Rao, Y.-C. Synergistic Effect of Water-Soluble Hydroxylated Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoribbons Coupled with Tetra Butyl Ammonium Bromide on Kinetics of Carbon Dioxide Hydrate Formation. Energies 2023, 16, 5831. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16155831
Wang S-L, Xiao Y-Y, Zhou S-D, Jiang K, Yu Y-S, Rao Y-C. Synergistic Effect of Water-Soluble Hydroxylated Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoribbons Coupled with Tetra Butyl Ammonium Bromide on Kinetics of Carbon Dioxide Hydrate Formation. Energies. 2023; 16(15):5831. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16155831
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Shu-Li, Yan-Yun Xiao, Shi-Dong Zhou, Kun Jiang, Yi-Song Yu, and Yong-Chao Rao. 2023. "Synergistic Effect of Water-Soluble Hydroxylated Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoribbons Coupled with Tetra Butyl Ammonium Bromide on Kinetics of Carbon Dioxide Hydrate Formation" Energies 16, no. 15: 5831. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16155831