Study on the Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of Arsenic in Permian Coals: Focusing on the Coalfields of Shanxi Formation in Northern China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Background
3. Methodology
3.1. Sampling
3.2. Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Standard Coal Characteristics
4.2. Mineralogical Compositions
4.3. Major Oxides
4.4. Content and Vertical Distribution of As
5. Discussion
5.1. Depositional Environment of Coal
5.2. Geochemistry of As
5.3. Controlling Factors on As Enrichment
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Step | Speciation | Extractant | Extraction Conditions | Cellulose Filter |
---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | exchangeable | 1.00 g sample + 8 mL NaOAc (1 M, pH = 8.2) | oscillate at room temperature of (25 ± 2) °C for 1 h, centrifuge | 0.1 μm |
F2 | carbonate | sample recovered in F1 + HOAc (1 M, pH = 5.0) | stir until the reaction is complete at room temperature, then centrifuge | 0.1 μm |
F3 | Fe-Mn oxides | sample recovered in F2 + 20 mL of 0.3 M Na2S2O4 + 0.175 M Na-citrate + 0.025H-citrate | occasional stirring at 96 ± 3 °C, then centrifuge | 0.1 μm |
F4 | organic | sample recovered in F3 + ①3 mL of 0.02 M HNO3 + 5 mL of H2O2 (pH = 2); ②3 mL of 30% H2O2(pH = 2, with HNO3); ③5 mL of 3.2 M NH4OAc | ①2 h at 85 ± 2 °C ②3 h at 85 ± 2 °C ③0.5 h continuous stirring, then centrifuge | 0.1 μm |
F5 | residual | tailings recovered in F4 + 5 mL HNO3 + 5 mL HF | digestion at 110 ℃ to clear liquid, and then the cover was lifted at 90 ℃ to remove the acid | 0.1 μm |
Samples | M (%) | Ad (%) | V (%) | St (%) | Sp (%) | Ss (%) | So (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZJ-1 | 2.12 | 5.65 | 38.04 | 0.37 | 0.26 | 0.02 | 0.09 |
ZJ-2 | 1.79 | 13.3 | 29.97 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
ZJ-3 | 2.17 | 7.44 | 35.61 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.05 |
ZJ-4 | 2.02 | 6.02 | 36.43 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
ZJ-5 | 1.81 | 5.94 | 33.26 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
ZJ-6 | 2.07 | 6.03 | 36.26 | 0.28 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
ZJ-7 | 1.93 | 11.90 | 31.60 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.07 |
ZJ-8 | 1.97 | 9.70 | 31.03 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.07 |
ZJ-9 | 1.92 | 9.40 | 31.32 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.05 |
Ave (ZJ) | 1.98 | 8.38 | 33.72 | 0.25 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.06 |
XJ-1 | 2.05 | 9.73 | 33.43 | 1.70 | 1.21 | 0.05 | 0.44 |
XJ-2 | 1.76 | 5.25 | 34.61 | 1.05 | 0.67 | 0.03 | 0.35 |
XJ-3 | 1.94 | 12.28 | 31.8 | 2.45 | 0.64 | 0.09 | 1.72 |
XJ-4 | 1.64 | 14.34 | 27.38 | 2.40 | 0.77 | 0.13 | 1.50 |
XJ-5 | 1.97 | 11.67 | 29.58 | 0.37 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 0.16 |
XJ-6 | 1.63 | 7.55 | 28.16 | 0.41 | 0.27 | 0.05 | 0.09 |
XJ-7 | 1.57 | 6.66 | 30.77 | 0.33 | 0.22 | 0.03 | 0.08 |
XJ-8 | 1.86 | 8.08 | 32.02 | 0.37 | 0.24 | 0.04 | 0.09 |
XJ-9 | 1.36 | 14.69 | 25.66 | 0.31 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.07 |
XJ-10 | 2.04 | 9.01 | 24.89 | 0.34 | 0.28 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
XJ-11 | 1.90 | 13.96 | 30.02 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
XJ-12 | 1.80 | 7.70 | 30.93 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
XJ-13 | 1.99 | 6.26 | 30.30 | 0.42 | 0.31 | 0.07 | 0.04 |
XJ-14 | 1.63 | 7.83 | 28.52 | 0.29 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.09 |
XJ-15 | 1.77 | 4.83 | 30.17 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.07 |
XJ-16 | 2.16 | 7.91 | 26.56 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.11 |
XJ-17 | 1.74 | 7.04 | 28.5 | 0.22 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.07 |
Ave(XJ) | 1.81 | 9.11 | 29.61 | 0.69 | 0.36 | 0.04 | 0.29 |
Sample | Project | Al2O3 | SiO2 | CaO | Fe2O3 | MgO | P2O5 | Na2O | TiO2 | C | Al2O3/TiO2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zhangji Mine | Min | 1.81 | 0.31 | 0.01 | 1.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 7.89 |
Max | 6.21 | 5.5 | 0.88 | 3.22 | 0.86 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.51 | 0.87 | 72.25 | |
Ave | 3.65 | 2.89 | 0.35 | 1.68 | 0.24 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 27.67 | |
Xinjier Mine | Min | 1.48 | 2.13 | 0.58 | 0.4 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.19 | 13.45 |
Max | 10.65 | 24.13 | 4.98 | 1.71 | 1.26 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.48 | 0.41 | 35.63 | |
Ave | 4.22 | 6.19 | 1.41 | 0.99 | 0.24 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0.28 | 20.71 |
Sample | As | Sample | As |
---|---|---|---|
ZJ-1 | 42.73 | XJ-1 | 29.14 |
ZJ-2 | 95.03 | XJ-2 | 55.84 |
ZJ-3 | 23.54 | XJ-3 | 12.08 |
ZJ-4 | 41.25 | XJ-4 | 10.33 |
ZJ-5 | 13.38 | XJ-5 | 69.16 |
ZJ-6 | 12.51 | XJ-6 | 28.45 |
ZJ-7 | 73.96 | XJ-7 | 41.01 |
ZJ-8 | 61.54 | XJ-8 | 58.69 |
ZJ-9 | 55.78 | XJ-9 | 63.05 |
Ave | 46.64 | XJ-10 | 42.52 |
XJ-T | 244.65 | XJ-11 | 48.95 |
XJ-P | 107.97 | XJ-12 | 76.10 |
XJ-B | 124.65 | XJ-13 | 57.92 |
Upper Shihezi a | 6.27 | XJ-14 | 11.13 |
Lower Shihezi a | 4.81 | XJ-15 | 33.76 |
Northern China b | 3.92 | XJ-16 | 67.60 |
World c | 8.30 | XJ-17 | 37.71 |
China d | 3.79 | Ave | 43.73 |
USA e | 24.00 | - | - |
Project | B (mg/kg) | Sr (mg/kg) | Ba (mg/kg) | Ga (mg/kg) | Sr/Ba | B/Ga |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Min | 52.32 | 71.29 | 11.74 | 4.22 | 1.65 | 4.81 |
Max | 354.6 | 2742.71 | 135.69 | 20.37 | 17.72 | 48.44 |
Ave | 162 | 585.08 | 72.35 | 9.87 | 5.81 | 20.57 |
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Zhang, L.; Zheng, L.; Liu, M. Study on the Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of Arsenic in Permian Coals: Focusing on the Coalfields of Shanxi Formation in Northern China. Energies 2022, 15, 3185. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093185
Zhang L, Zheng L, Liu M. Study on the Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of Arsenic in Permian Coals: Focusing on the Coalfields of Shanxi Formation in Northern China. Energies. 2022; 15(9):3185. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093185
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Liqun, Liugen Zheng, and Meng Liu. 2022. "Study on the Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of Arsenic in Permian Coals: Focusing on the Coalfields of Shanxi Formation in Northern China" Energies 15, no. 9: 3185. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093185