Natural Gas, a Mean to Reduce Emissions and Energy Consumption of HDV? A Case Study of Colombia Based on Vehicle Technology Criteria

Castillo, Juan C.; López, Juan Camilo; Escobar, Alejandro; Ríos, Daniel; Quirama, Luis F.; Tibaquirá, Juan E.

doi:10.3390/en15030998

Open AccessArticle

Natural Gas, a Mean to Reduce Emissions and Energy Consumption of HDV? A Case Study of Colombia Based on Vehicle Technology Criteria

by

Juan C. Castillo

^*

,

Juan Camilo López

,

Alejandro Escobar

,

Daniel Ríos

,

Luis F. Quirama

and

Juan E. Tibaquirá

Genergética Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technological University of Pereira, Pereira 660003, Colombia

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Energies 2022, 15(3), 998; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030998

Submission received: 19 November 2021 / Revised: 29 December 2021 / Accepted: 11 January 2022 / Published: 28 January 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Consumption in Transportation and Industrial Sectors)

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Abstract

In this study, the use of compressed and liquefied natural gas is evaluated for heavy-duty passengers (HDPV) and freight vehicles (HDFV). The evaluation is conducted considering the socioeconomic and vehicle fleet characteristics of Colombia. The energy consumption, the CO₂, and the pollutant emissions of a baseline and four natural gas penetration scenarios are analyzed. The results show that the inclusion of natural gas reduces the energy consumption per capita of the HDPV and HDFV by up to 40% by 2050. Furthermore, PM_2.5 emissions per capita are reduced up to 77% for HDPV and 90% for HDFV, while CO emissions per capita decreased by 82%. Additionally, the technological renovation of HDFV emerges as an effective way to reduce pollutant emissions in the medium term. The establishment of strategies to make HDFV cleaner and more efficient is imperative for the long term. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the influence of the gross domestic product per capita (GDPc) over the indicators analyzed. The results show that higher GDPc demands more ambitious actions to decarbonize the transportation sector, since a considerable increase in energy consumption and emissions from heavy-duty vehicles is identified.

Keywords: natural gas vehicles; heavy-duty vehicles; socioeconomic criteria; emissions reductions; energy consumption projections

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MDPI and ACS Style

Castillo, J.C.; López, J.C.; Escobar, A.; Ríos, D.; Quirama, L.F.; Tibaquirá, J.E. Natural Gas, a Mean to Reduce Emissions and Energy Consumption of HDV? A Case Study of Colombia Based on Vehicle Technology Criteria. Energies 2022, 15, 998. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030998

AMA Style

Castillo JC, López JC, Escobar A, Ríos D, Quirama LF, Tibaquirá JE. Natural Gas, a Mean to Reduce Emissions and Energy Consumption of HDV? A Case Study of Colombia Based on Vehicle Technology Criteria. Energies. 2022; 15(3):998. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030998

Chicago/Turabian Style

Castillo, Juan C., Juan Camilo López, Alejandro Escobar, Daniel Ríos, Luis F. Quirama, and Juan E. Tibaquirá. 2022. "Natural Gas, a Mean to Reduce Emissions and Energy Consumption of HDV? A Case Study of Colombia Based on Vehicle Technology Criteria" Energies 15, no. 3: 998. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030998

APA Style

Castillo, J. C., López, J. C., Escobar, A., Ríos, D., Quirama, L. F., & Tibaquirá, J. E. (2022). Natural Gas, a Mean to Reduce Emissions and Energy Consumption of HDV? A Case Study of Colombia Based on Vehicle Technology Criteria. Energies, 15(3), 998. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030998

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Natural Gas, a Mean to Reduce Emissions and Energy Consumption of HDV? A Case Study of Colombia Based on Vehicle Technology Criteria

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