Electromagnetic Transients in Multi-Voltage Transmission Lines during Non-Simultaneous Faults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Scope of the Article
1.2. Background
2. Modeling Multi-Circuit, Multi-Voltage Transmission Lines
- the type and duration of the examined disturbance;
- the expected range of changes in the frequency of the transient;
- the structure of the analyzed part of the power system;
- the preservation of the characteristic properties of individual elements of the real line in the model.
3. Multi-System Lines with Different Voltage Levels
- the line is run in unfavorable environmental conditions;
- there is a problem with obtaining permission to build;
- the area is highly urbanized.
- the rated voltage of the current paths;
- the arrangement of working conduits;
- the functions performed in the power system;
- the rated frequencies of the current paths.
4. Electromagnetic Transients for Non-Simultaneous Short-Circuit Disturbances in Multi-System, Multi-Voltage Lines
4.1. Analysis of a Multi-Circuit, Multi-Voltage Line
- three-circuit, three-voltage line with rated voltages equal to 400 kV + 220 kV + 110 kV;
- Circuit I-single-circuit overhead line with a rated voltage of 400 kV supplied from the EKW1A and EKW1B equivalent;
- Circuit II-single-circuit overhead line with a rated voltage of 220 kV supplied from the EKW2A and EKW2B equivalent;
- Circuit III-single-circuit overhead line with a rated voltage of 110 kV supplied from the EKW2A and EKW2B equivalent.
4.2. Analysis of Electromagnetic Transient States for Not Simultaneous Faults Occurring in a Network System
- structure and parameters of the system: in this case, the parameters of the overhead transmission line and the power system (the relationship between the positive and zero sequence impedance as well as resistance and reactance) play a major role;
- influence of the load and operating conditions of the system: in the normal system operation mode;
- general (probabilistic) factors include:
- o
- the type of disturbance that occurs: at the moment of the occurrence of a short circuit without grounding, high-frequency components occur, which cause disturbances in a given phase. In the event of a ground fault, a situation occurs in which the amplitude of the components of healthy phases may be greater than in the phase affected by the disturbance.
- o
- distance from the disturbance: it is a factor related to local parameters; the line length. The time of the surge wave to pass the path from the fault location to the first discontinuity point causing the wave reflection, specifying the amplitude and damping time of the frequency components;
- o
- the moment of the disturbance occurrence: it should be noted that at the moment of the short-circuit, the voltage reaches its maximum in the given phase. In the event of a non-simultaneous short circuit, this finding may lose its credibility due to the fact that in the phase with the delayed short circuit, the components may have a greater amplitude at the time of the voltage phase shift.
5. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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No. | Type | Overhead Transmission Lines | |
---|---|---|---|
kV | Main Solutions | The Width of the Technological Belt | |
M | |||
1. | 220 | 1- or 2-circuit | 50 m (2 × 25) * |
2. | 400 | Overhead lines built after 2010 | 70 m (2 × 35) * |
3. | 400 | Overhead lines built on a pole of the Z52 series | 60 m (2 × 30) * |
4. | 400 | Overhead lines built until 1998 | 80 m (2 × 40) * |
No. | Parameter | Analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Distribution of Short-circuit Currents in Networks with an Earthed Neutral Point | Calculations for Voltage Quality Analyzes | Calculations of Electromechanical Phenomena (Stability Studies) | Short-Circuit and Switching Overvoltages | Research on Input Electromagnetic Signals for Power Protection Automatics | ||
1. | Base model | Lumped parameters R, L | The two-port system Π, T or Γ | The two-port system Π, T or Γ | Distributed parameters | Distributed parameters |
2. | The dependence of the parameters on the frequency | Negligible | Negligible | Negligible | Very important | Very important |
3. | Models transformers | Unnecessary | Unnecessary | Unnecessary | Voltage, capacitive and inductive | Voltage and current transformers including non-linear ones core saturation model |
No. | Type | Number of Circuits | Rated Voltage | Actual Length of the Multi-Circuit Section |
---|---|---|---|---|
kV | km | |||
1. | EVH + HV | 3 | 400 + 2 × 110 | 6.5 |
2. | EVH + HV | 3 | 2 × 400 + 220 | 4.8 |
3. | EHV + HV | 4 | 2 × 400 + 220 + 110 | 31.2 |
4. | EHV + HV | 3 | 2 × 400 + 220 | 20 |
5. | EHV + HV | 2 | 400 + 110 | 43 |
6. | EHV + HV | 2 | 220 + 110 | 7.5 |
No. | Type | Overhead Transmission Lines | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
kV | Phase Conductors | Ground Wires | |||
- | mm2 | - | mm2 | ||
1. | 400 | AFL-8 | 3 × 350 | AFL-1.7 | 95 |
2. | 220 | AFL-8 | 2 × 350 | ||
3. | 110 | AFL-6 | 240 | AFL-1.7 | 70 |
No. | Type | Multi-Circuit Multi-Voltage HVAC Transmission Lines | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
kV | Phase Conductors | Ground Wires | |||
- | mm2 | - | mm2 | ||
1. | 400 | AFL-8 | 3 × 350 | AFL-1.7 | 95 |
2. | 220 | AFL-8 | 2 × 350 | ||
3. | 110 | AFL-6 | 240 |
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Zychma, D.; Sowa, P. Electromagnetic Transients in Multi-Voltage Transmission Lines during Non-Simultaneous Faults. Energies 2022, 15, 1046. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15031046
Zychma D, Sowa P. Electromagnetic Transients in Multi-Voltage Transmission Lines during Non-Simultaneous Faults. Energies. 2022; 15(3):1046. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15031046
Chicago/Turabian StyleZychma, Daria, and Paweł Sowa. 2022. "Electromagnetic Transients in Multi-Voltage Transmission Lines during Non-Simultaneous Faults" Energies 15, no. 3: 1046. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15031046