Exploring the Influence of the Parameters’ Relationship between Reliability and Maintainability for Offshore Wind Farm Engineering
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (a)
- Substation reliability is the probability that the offshore substation power system can collect, transform, and deliver the active power produced by the wind turbine generators for the period intended, under the operating conditions encountered.
- (b)
- The design of the substation performance focuses on optimizing the substation reliability based on the procedures shown in Figure 1.
- : The cumulative distribution function of the time to failure
- : The probability density function of the time to failure
- : Instantaneous failure rate function
- : Reliability function
- MTBF: Meantime between failure
- MTTF: Meantime to failure
- MTTR: Meantime to repair
- μ: Corrective maintenance rate
- : Maintainability function
- : Instantaneous maintainability function
2. Reliability Parameters
2.1. Cumulative Distribution Function of the Time to Failure
2.2. Probability Density Function of the Time to Failure
2.3. Instantaneous Failure Rate Function
2.4. Reliability Function
2.5. Meantime between Failures
- (a)
- MTBF is the mean time between two consecutive failures [31].
- (b)
- The MTBF comprises all relevant components faults.
- : Probability density function of the time to failure
- T: Total operating time of the product
- r: Total number of failures in time T
- t: Time interval at which the fault occurred
- MTBF: An estimate of the average time between failures of the product.
- : Failure rate
- : The average life of the product, .
2.6. Meantime to Failure
- : the failure probability density function.
3. Maintainability Parameters
3.1. Mean Time to Repair
- (1)
- Preventive maintenance
- (2)
- Corrective maintenance
3.2. Corrective Maintenance Rate
3.3. Maintainability Function
3.4. Instantaneous Maintainability Function
4. Discussion
4.1. Graphical Representation of Parameter Relationships
4.2. Intrinsic Availability
- MDT: mean downtime
- MUT: mean uptime
- : The minimum availability
- : The nominal active power of the offshore substation at the point of common coupling
- : The active power of the offshore substation at a common coupling point under N − 1 operation
- k: The number of substation components, where disabling one would cause a permanent drop in the active power delivered
- : is used as a description of the system that maintains normal operation after a fault occurs in any of the N components of the power system (generators, transmission lines, transformers, etc.).
4.3. Based on Practical Maintenance Discussion
- (1)
- From (24), the smaller the MTTR, the larger the corrective maintenance rate μ. Therefore, when the repair time τ is constant, the smaller the MTTR and the higher the repair degree M(τ), as shown in Figure 6.
- (2)
- As shown in Figure 7, if the repair rate is kept fixed, and the repair time increases, the repair degree increases.
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
Intrinsic availability | |
The operational availability | |
The minimum availability | |
The cumulative distribution function of the time to failure | |
The probability density function of the time to failure | |
The number of substation components, where disabling one would cause a permanent drop in the active power delivered | |
Maintainability function | |
Instantaneous maintainability function | |
is used as a description of the system that maintains normal operation after a fault occurs in any of the N components of the power system (generators, transmission lines, transformers, etc.) The N − 1 operation scenario should not cause customer outages due to overload tripping of other lines, destabilize the system, or cause incidents such as voltage collapse. | |
Number of components subject to life testing | |
Number of components that failed the life test | |
Number of components that passed the life test | |
The nominal active power of the offshore substation at the point of common coupling | |
The active power of the offshore substation at a common coupling point under N − 1 operation | |
Reliability function | |
time | |
Total operating time of the product | |
The average life of the product | |
Instantaneous failure rate function | |
failure rate | |
Corrective maintenance rate | |
repair time |
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Chung, I.-H. Exploring the Influence of the Parameters’ Relationship between Reliability and Maintainability for Offshore Wind Farm Engineering. Energies 2022, 15, 5610. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155610
Chung I-H. Exploring the Influence of the Parameters’ Relationship between Reliability and Maintainability for Offshore Wind Farm Engineering. Energies. 2022; 15(15):5610. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155610
Chicago/Turabian StyleChung, I-Hua. 2022. "Exploring the Influence of the Parameters’ Relationship between Reliability and Maintainability for Offshore Wind Farm Engineering" Energies 15, no. 15: 5610. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155610
APA StyleChung, I.-H. (2022). Exploring the Influence of the Parameters’ Relationship between Reliability and Maintainability for Offshore Wind Farm Engineering. Energies, 15(15), 5610. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155610