Towards Balanced Aerodynamic Axle Loading of a Car with Covered Wheels—Inflatable Splitter
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. CFD Models
2.1.1. Passenger Car
2.1.2. Sports Car
2.2. Flexible Splitter Model
3. Results
3.1. Inflatable Splitter
3.2. Passenger Car
3.3. Sports Car
3.3.1. Zero Pitch Angle
3.3.2. Nonzero Pitch Angle
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Experiment | Simulation, k-Omega SST | This Work, Simulation k-Omega BSL | |
---|---|---|---|
Drag coefficient | 0.254 | 0.260 | 0.259 |
Closed Rigid Splitter, High Mount | Closed Inflated Splitter, High Mount | |
---|---|---|
Drag coefficient | 0.30 | 0.29 |
Lift coefficient | 0.00 | −0.01 |
Splitter Variant | CD | CL | CM |
---|---|---|---|
No splitter | 0.421 | −0.224 | −0.139 |
Closed rigid splitter | 0.424 | −0.434 | 0.032 |
Closed inflated splitter | 0.435 | −0.464 | 0.108 |
Closed inflated and cut splitter | 0.429 | −0.423 | 0.058 |
Splitter | Pitch Angle in Degrees | CD | CL | CLf | CLr | CM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
None | 0 | 0.449 | −0.212 | 0.049 | −0.261 | −0.143 |
Rigid closed | 0 | 0.477 | −0.441 | −0.298 | −0.143 | 0.071 |
Inflated open | 0 | 0.474 | −0.490 | −0.421 | −0.069 | 0.163 |
Inflated closed | 0 | 0.495 | −0.284 | −0.385 | 0.101 | 0.225 |
None | 1 | 0.507 | −0.013 | 0.189 | −0.202 | −0.180 |
Rigid closed | 1 | 0.513 | −0.248 | −0.072 | −0.176 | −0.048 |
Inflated open | 1 | 0.506 | −0.338 | −0.178 | −0.160 | −0.008 |
Inflated closed | 1 | 0.515 | −0.443 | −0.308 | −0.135 | 0.080 |
None | 2 | 0.532 | 0.124 | 0.323 | −0.199 | −0.241 |
Rigid closed | 2 | 0.547 | −0.018 | 0.108 | −0.126 | −0.107 |
Inflated open | 2 | 0.530 | −0.041 | 0.071 | −0.112 | −0.084 |
Inflated closed | 2 | 0.548 | −0.230 | −0.053 | −0.177 | −0.057 |
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Szudarek, M.; Kamieniecki, K.; Tudruj, S.; Piechna, J. Towards Balanced Aerodynamic Axle Loading of a Car with Covered Wheels—Inflatable Splitter. Energies 2022, 15, 5543. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155543
Szudarek M, Kamieniecki K, Tudruj S, Piechna J. Towards Balanced Aerodynamic Axle Loading of a Car with Covered Wheels—Inflatable Splitter. Energies. 2022; 15(15):5543. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155543
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzudarek, Maciej, Konrad Kamieniecki, Sylwester Tudruj, and Janusz Piechna. 2022. "Towards Balanced Aerodynamic Axle Loading of a Car with Covered Wheels—Inflatable Splitter" Energies 15, no. 15: 5543. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155543