Interoperability of Modular Multilevel and Alternate Arm Converters in Hybrid HVDC Systems †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Modular VSC Topologies
2.1. Modular Multilevel Converters
2.2. Alternate Arm Converters
3. The AAC-MMC Hybrid HVDC System
3.1. AAC Modeling and MMC Equivalence
3.2. HVDC System Control Hierarchy and Structure
4. Verification and Simulation Results
4.1. Steady-State Operation
4.2. Active and Reactive Power Control
4.3. AC Fault Ride Through
4.3.1. SLG Fault at the AAC
4.3.2. Three-Phase Fault at the AAC
4.3.3. Phase-to-Phase Fault at the MMC
4.4. DC Fault Handling Capability
4.5. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | MMC [11] | AAC [12] |
---|---|---|
Rated Power | 800 MVA | 800 MVA |
DC Voltage | ±200 kV | ±200 kV |
Number of SMs per arm | 200 | 255 |
SM Voltage | 2 kV | 1 kV |
Stored Energy | 30 kJ/MVA | 11 kJ/MVA |
SM Capacitance | 10 mF | 11.5 mF |
Arm Inductance (p.u.) | 0.15 | 0.016 |
Nominal Frequency | 50 Hz | 50 Hz |
Nominal Operating Point (p.u.) | 0.9 | 1.15 |
AC Voltage | 380 kV | 380 kV |
Transformer Resistance (p.u.) | 0.006 | 0.006 |
Transformer Leakage Inductance (p.u.) | 0.18 | 0.18 |
Transformer Ratio | 0.995 | 0.778 |
Short-circuit Power | 30 GVA | 30 GVA |
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Wickramasinghe, H.R.; Sun, P.; Konstantinou, G. Interoperability of Modular Multilevel and Alternate Arm Converters in Hybrid HVDC Systems. Energies 2021, 14, 1363. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051363
Wickramasinghe HR, Sun P, Konstantinou G. Interoperability of Modular Multilevel and Alternate Arm Converters in Hybrid HVDC Systems. Energies. 2021; 14(5):1363. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051363
Chicago/Turabian StyleWickramasinghe, Harith R., Pingyang Sun, and Georgios Konstantinou. 2021. "Interoperability of Modular Multilevel and Alternate Arm Converters in Hybrid HVDC Systems" Energies 14, no. 5: 1363. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051363