Drivers and Barriers to the Adoption of Fuel Cell Passenger Vehicles and Buses in Germany
Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Academic Editor: Chunhua Liu
Energies 2021, 14(4), 833; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14040833
Received: 12 January 2021
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Revised: 1 February 2021
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Accepted: 2 February 2021
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Published: 5 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Governance Strategies and Insights to Accelerate the Production and Diffusion of Hydrogen and Fuel-Cell Technologies)
As policymakers and automotive stakeholders around the world seek to accelerate the electrification of road transport with hydrogen, this study focuses on the experiences of Germany, a world leader in fuel cell technology. Specifically, it identifies and compares the drivers and barriers influencing the production and market penetration of privately-owned fuel cell electric passenger vehicles (FCEVs) and fuel cell electric buses (FCEBs) in public transit fleets. Using original data collected via a survey and 17 interviews, we elicited the opinions of experts to examine opportunities and obstacles in Germany from four perspectives: (i) the supply of vehicles (ii) refuelling infrastructure, (iii) demand for vehicles, and (iv) cross-cutting institutional issues. Findings indicate that despite multiple drivers, there are significant challenges hampering the growth of the hydrogen mobility market. Several are more pronounced in the passenger FCEV market. These include the supply and cost of production, the lack of German automakers producing FCEVs, the profitability and availability of refuelling stations, and low demand for vehicles. In light of these findings, we extract implications for international policymakers and future studies. This study provides a timely update on efforts to spur the deployment of hydrogen mobility in Germany and addresses the underrepresentation of studies examining both buses and passenger vehicles in tandem.
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Keywords:
fuel cell electric vehicles; hydrogen; battery electric vehicles; Germany; barriers; drivers; policy
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MDPI and ACS Style
Trencher, G.; Edianto, A. Drivers and Barriers to the Adoption of Fuel Cell Passenger Vehicles and Buses in Germany. Energies 2021, 14, 833. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14040833
AMA Style
Trencher G, Edianto A. Drivers and Barriers to the Adoption of Fuel Cell Passenger Vehicles and Buses in Germany. Energies. 2021; 14(4):833. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14040833
Chicago/Turabian StyleTrencher, Gregory, and Achmed Edianto. 2021. "Drivers and Barriers to the Adoption of Fuel Cell Passenger Vehicles and Buses in Germany" Energies 14, no. 4: 833. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14040833
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