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Volume 14
Issue 22
10.3390/en14227506
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Article

Spatial Model of Optimization Applied in the Distributed Generation Photovoltaic to Adjust Voltage Levels

by
José A. G. Cararo
1,2,*,
João Caetano Neto
1,3,*,
Wagner A. Vilela Júnior
1,3,
Márcio R. C. Reis
1,4,
Gabriel A. Wainer
5,
Paulo V. dos Santos
1,6 and
Wesley P. Calixto
1,4,*
1
Electrical, Mechanical & Computer Engineering School, Federal University of Goias, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
2
Agroindustrial Automation and Precision Agriculture (AutoAgri), Federal Institute Goiano, Trindade 75389-269, Brazil
3
ENEL Distribution S.A./Goias, Goiania 74805-180, Brazil
4
Studies and Researches in Science and Technology Group (GCITE), Federal Institute of Goias, Goiania 75250-000, Brazil
5
Visualization, Simulation and Modeling, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
6
Imaging Research Center, Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2021, 14(22), 7506; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227506
Submission received: 28 September 2021 / Revised: 16 October 2021 / Accepted: 2 November 2021 / Published: 10 November 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modeling, Control and Optimization of Renewable Energy Systems and Microgrids)
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Abstract

The main objective of this work is to develop a methodology for analyzing the quality of the voltage level in the distribution power grid to identify and reduce the violations of voltage limits through the proposition of optimal points for the allocation of photovoltaic distributed generation. The methodology uses the geographic location of the power grid and its consumers to perform the grouping and classification in spatial grids of 100 × 100 m using the average annual consumption profile. The generated profiles, including the grid information, are sent to the photovoltaic distributed generation allocation algorithm, which, using an optimization process, identifies the geographic location, the required installed capacity, and the minimum number of photovoltaic generation units that must be inserted to minimize the violations of voltage limits, respecting the necessary restrictions. The entire proposal is applied in a real feeder with thousands of bars, whose model is validated with measurements carried out in the field. Different violations of voltage limits scenarios are used to validate the methodology, obtaining grids with better voltage quality after the optimized allocation of photovoltaic distributed generation. The proposal presents itself as a new tool in the work of adapting the voltage of the distribution power grid using photovoltaic distributed generation.
Keywords: photovoltaic distributed generation; optimization process; clustering; spatial database; systems modeling; voltage adequacy; smart grids photovoltaic distributed generation; optimization process; clustering; spatial database; systems modeling; voltage adequacy; smart grids

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cararo, J.A.G.; Caetano Neto, J.; Vilela Júnior, W.A.; Reis, M.R.C.; Wainer, G.A.; dos Santos, P.V.; Calixto, W.P. Spatial Model of Optimization Applied in the Distributed Generation Photovoltaic to Adjust Voltage Levels. Energies 2021, 14, 7506. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227506

AMA Style

Cararo JAG, Caetano Neto J, Vilela Júnior WA, Reis MRC, Wainer GA, dos Santos PV, Calixto WP. Spatial Model of Optimization Applied in the Distributed Generation Photovoltaic to Adjust Voltage Levels. Energies. 2021; 14(22):7506. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227506

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cararo, José A. G., João Caetano Neto, Wagner A. Vilela Júnior, Márcio R. C. Reis, Gabriel A. Wainer, Paulo V. dos Santos, and Wesley P. Calixto. 2021. "Spatial Model of Optimization Applied in the Distributed Generation Photovoltaic to Adjust Voltage Levels" Energies 14, no. 22: 7506. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227506

APA Style

Cararo, J. A. G., Caetano Neto, J., Vilela Júnior, W. A., Reis, M. R. C., Wainer, G. A., dos Santos, P. V., & Calixto, W. P. (2021). Spatial Model of Optimization Applied in the Distributed Generation Photovoltaic to Adjust Voltage Levels. Energies, 14(22), 7506. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227506

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