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Volume 14
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10.3390/en14185637
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Perspective

Smart Grid in China, EU, and the US: State of Implementation

by
Paolo Sospiro
1,2,3,*,
Lohith Amarnath
4,
Vincenzo Di Nardo
5,6,
Giacomo Talluri
1 and
Foad H. Gandoman
7
1
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
2
Department of Information, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
3
EUAbout, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
5
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy
6
Newtak Engineering, 80122 Naples, Italy
7
Research Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2021, 14(18), 5637; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185637
Submission received: 4 July 2021 / Revised: 12 August 2021 / Accepted: 24 August 2021 / Published: 8 September 2021
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Abstract

Depletion of fossil fuel deposits is the main current issue related to the world’s power generation. Renewable energy sources integrated with energy efficiency represent an effective solution. The electrification of end-use coupled with renewable power generation integration is considered as an important tool to achieve these tasks. However, the current electric power system does not currently have the suitable features to allow this change. Therefore, in the future, it has to allow two-way direction power flows, communication, and automated controls to fully manage the system and customers. The resulting system is defined as the smart grid. This article analyses the smart grid state of play within China, the US, and the EU, assessing the completion state of each smart grid technology and integrated asset. The analysis related to these countries presented here shows that the smart grid overall state of play in China, the US, and the EU are equal to 18%, 15%, and 13%, respectively, unveiling the need related to further efforts and investments in these countries for the full smart grid development.
Keywords: automated metering infrastructure (AMI); Canadian Electricity Association (CEA); combined heat and power (CHP); cost–benefit analysis (CBA); customer technology (CT); distributed generation (DG); distribution automation (DA); distribution management systems (DMS); electric vehicle (EV); electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE); energy storage systems (ESS); greenhouse gas (GHG); high voltage (HV); information and communication technology (ICT); International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA); low voltage (LV); medium voltage (MV); operation and maintenance (O&M); phasor measurement unit (PMU); photovoltaic (PV); smart appliances (SA); smart electricity market (SEM); smart grid computational tool (SGCT); smart homes (SH); State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC); transmission and distribution (T&D); volt-ampere reactive (VAR); wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) automated metering infrastructure (AMI); Canadian Electricity Association (CEA); combined heat and power (CHP); cost–benefit analysis (CBA); customer technology (CT); distributed generation (DG); distribution automation (DA); distribution management systems (DMS); electric vehicle (EV); electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE); energy storage systems (ESS); greenhouse gas (GHG); high voltage (HV); information and communication technology (ICT); International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA); low voltage (LV); medium voltage (MV); operation and maintenance (O&M); phasor measurement unit (PMU); photovoltaic (PV); smart appliances (SA); smart electricity market (SEM); smart grid computational tool (SGCT); smart homes (SH); State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC); transmission and distribution (T&D); volt-ampere reactive (VAR); wide area monitoring systems (WAMS)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sospiro, P.; Amarnath, L.; Di Nardo, V.; Talluri, G.; Gandoman, F.H. Smart Grid in China, EU, and the US: State of Implementation. Energies 2021, 14, 5637. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185637

AMA Style

Sospiro P, Amarnath L, Di Nardo V, Talluri G, Gandoman FH. Smart Grid in China, EU, and the US: State of Implementation. Energies. 2021; 14(18):5637. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185637

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sospiro, Paolo, Lohith Amarnath, Vincenzo Di Nardo, Giacomo Talluri, and Foad H. Gandoman. 2021. "Smart Grid in China, EU, and the US: State of Implementation" Energies 14, no. 18: 5637. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185637

APA Style

Sospiro, P., Amarnath, L., Di Nardo, V., Talluri, G., & Gandoman, F. H. (2021). Smart Grid in China, EU, and the US: State of Implementation. Energies, 14(18), 5637. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185637

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