Mobile GPS Application Design Based on System-Level Power and Battery Status Estimation †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Energy-Aware Application Design Framework
3. Adaptive Control of Service Quality and Power Consumption
3.1. Service Quality of GPS Module
3.2. Display Image Quality
3.3. Adaptive Energy-Aware Service Quality Control
4. Problem Formulation
Algorithm 1: Adaptive service quality and power control algorithm with variable velocity. |
5. Experimental Methods
5.1. Accurate Energy Budget Considering Battery Internal Loss
5.2. Adaptive Power and Service Quality Control of a GPS Application with Variable Velocity
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
GPS | Global Positioning System |
OS | Operating System |
SOC | State of Charge |
QOS | Quality of Service |
OC | Open Circuit |
API | Application Programming Interface |
LCD | Liquid Crystal Display |
CCFL | Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp |
LED | Light Emitting Diode |
CPU | Central Processing Unit |
TFT | Thin Film Transistor |
VM | Vibration Motor |
Appendix A. Battery Model
Appendix A.1. Battery Circuit Model
Coeff. | Value | Coeff. | Value | Coeff. | Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
−0.265 | −61.649 | −2.039 | |||
5.276 | −4.173 | 1.654 | |||
3.356 | −0.043 | −14.275 | |||
0.154 | 0.019 |
Appendix A.2. Remaining Charge Estimation
Appendix B. Target Platform Model
Components | Model | Descrpition |
---|---|---|
Processor | Exynos4210 | Dual-core CPU |
cellular module | F5521GW | G + GPS module |
Wi-Gi | GB8632 | Wi-Fi + bluetooth module |
Display | LP101WH1 | 1366 × 768 TFT LCD |
Audio codec | MAX98089 | Full-featured codec |
Vibration motor | DMJBRK36S | Vibration motor |
Battery | KPL6072196 | 10 Ah Lithium polymer |
Appendix B.1. CPU
Appendix B.2. Cellular Module
Appendix B.3. Wi-Fi Module
Appendix B.4. Display
Appendix B.5. Audio Device
Appendix B.6. GPS Module
Appendix B.7. Vibration Motor
Component | Coeff. | Value | Coeff. | Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Processor | 0.00642 | 0.332 | ||
Cellular | 0.011 | 0.672 | ||
0.322 | ||||
Wi-fi | 0.020 | 0.740 | ||
Display | 0.004 | 0.224 | ||
1.307 | 0.067 | |||
Audio | 0.024 | 0.00009 | ||
Vibration motor | 0.003 | |||
GPS | 0.011 | 0.212 | ||
0.069 |
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Symbol | Description | Symbol | Description |
---|---|---|---|
maximum locating error of the GPS | v | velocity of GPS tracking object | |
fixing period of the GPS | fundamental GPS error | ||
duration of the ACTIVE state of the GPS | duration of the SLEEP state of the GPS | ||
period of one GPS activation cycle | normalized trip coverage | ||
service time (battery lifetime) | given trip time | ||
energy used in the GPS module in a certain period | time period | ||
, , | power coefficients of the GPS | duration ratio of the OFF state of the GPS | |
duration ratio of the SLEEP state of the GPS | duration ratio of the ACTIVE state of the GPS | ||
energy used by other devices in the smartphone | internal energy loss of the battery | ||
open-circuit voltage of the battery | quality of service of LCD | ||
brightness of the LCD | quality of service of the application (system) | ||
, , | Weight values to calculate | battery internal resistance |
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Kim, J.; Chang, N.; Shin, D. Mobile GPS Application Design Based on System-Level Power and Battery Status Estimation. Energies 2021, 14, 5333. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175333
Kim J, Chang N, Shin D. Mobile GPS Application Design Based on System-Level Power and Battery Status Estimation. Energies. 2021; 14(17):5333. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175333
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Jaemin, Naehyuck Chang, and Donghwa Shin. 2021. "Mobile GPS Application Design Based on System-Level Power and Battery Status Estimation" Energies 14, no. 17: 5333. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175333