Dynamic Performance Enhancement of Power Grids by Operating Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System as Supercapacitor Energy Storage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (i)
- The proposed PV system not only works in its typical mode of operation but also can improve the system stability whenever needed (i.e., whenever there are any disturbances in the grid). This is the additional advantage that can be achieved from the same PV system by momentarily connecting a supercapacitor at the PV panel terminal.
- (ii)
- To handle any disturbances (fault, load change, etc.) at the grid side, typically an auxiliary control device such as STATCOM, static var compensator (SVC), fault current limiter, or an extra energy storage device (such as a full supercapacitor energy storage unit, as shown in Figure 2, or a full battery energy storage system) is connected at the grid point, and the system stability is maintained. However, as per the proposed approach, because the same PV system will be used, it saves the cost of adding any auxiliary control devices at the grid point; that is, this technology will achieve significant cost savings due to the use of the existing PV system components as the SES unit.
2. Proposed PV-SES System Modeling
2.1. Principle of Operation
- (i)
- PV system mode: In this mode, the proposed PV system will provide power to the grid, as usual, assuming there is sufficient solar irradiance (sunlight).
- (ii)
- Energy storage mode: In this mode, once there are any grid disturbances, such as faults or load changes, (irrespective of daytime, nighttime, cloudy situations), the same PV system changes to the energy storage (supercapacitor) mode through the switches, and by controlling active and reactive powers it improves the transient stability, fault-ride through capability, voltage sag, etc., of the grid. Once the grid stability is maintained, it changes back to the usual PV system mode above.
2.2. Control Algorithm
3. Components Models and Control Systems
3.1. PV
3.2. SC
3.3. Bidirectional DC-DC Converter
3.4. VSC, Load, and Transmission Line
4. Control Systems
4.1. BDC Control
4.2. VSC Control
5. Nonlinear Mathematical Model and Small-Signal Stability Analyses
5.1. NMM
5.2. Small-Signal Analyses
6. Simulation Results and Discussions
6.1. Validation of Dynamic Accuracy of NMM
6.1.1. Examining NMM Conformity
6.1.2. Changeover between PV and SC
6.2. Effectiveness of Proposed PVSC System to Maintain Voltage Stability
6.3. Stepwise Load Variation and Weak Connection to Grid
6.4. Performance Comparison between the Proposed PVSC and Conventional SC
6.4.1. Step Change in Local Load
6.4.2. Fault Analysis
6.5. Cost-Effectiveness of the Proposed Approach
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Keshavarzi, M.D.; Ali, M.H. Dynamic Performance Enhancement of Power Grids by Operating Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System as Supercapacitor Energy Storage. Energies 2021, 14, 4277. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144277
Keshavarzi MD, Ali MH. Dynamic Performance Enhancement of Power Grids by Operating Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System as Supercapacitor Energy Storage. Energies. 2021; 14(14):4277. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144277
Chicago/Turabian StyleKeshavarzi, Morteza Daviran, and Mohd Hasan Ali. 2021. "Dynamic Performance Enhancement of Power Grids by Operating Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System as Supercapacitor Energy Storage" Energies 14, no. 14: 4277. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144277