Performance Analysis of a Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger with a Novel Mirror-Symmetric Channel Design
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design and Manufacture of PCHE
2.2. Experiment Setup
2.3. Operations and Data Analysis of Experimentations
2.4. Uncertainties Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effectiveness
3.2. Temperature Distribution
3.3. Temperature Difference and Effectiveness
3.4. Characteristics of Heat Transfer Performance
3.5. The Number of Transferred Unit Value (NTU)
3.6. Comparison to Other Research
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
A | Area of heat transfer (m2) |
Cold work fluid’s heat capacity (J/kg °C) | |
Hot work fluid’s heat capacity (J/kg °C) | |
Smaller of the two heat capacity rates (J/kg °C) | |
Hot fluid’s heat capacity rates (J/kg °C) | |
Hydraulic diameter (m) | |
h | Convective heat transfer coefficient (W/m2⋅°C) |
k | Thermal conductivity (W/m °C) |
Nu | Nusselt number |
Q | Heat transfer rate (W) |
q | Heat flux (W/m2) |
Large of heat flux (W/m2) | |
Re | Reynold number (W/m2) |
T | Temperature (°C) |
Average temperature of hot fluid inlet (°C) | |
Hot fluid inlet temperature (°C) | |
Hot fluid outlet temperature (°C) | |
Cold fluid inlet temperature (°C) | |
Cold fluid outlet temperature (°C) | |
channel surface temperature (°C) | |
fluid temperature in channel (°C) | |
Temperature difference (°C) | |
V | Velocity (m/s) |
Mass flow (kg/s) | |
Greek letters | |
Effectiveness | |
Viscosity (Pa⋅s) | |
Density (kg/m3) | |
Subscripts | |
C | Cold fluid |
H | Hot fluid |
in | Inlet |
out | Outlet |
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Working Fluid | Shape of Channel | Correlations/Outcome | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Water | Straight | Nu = (0.01352 ± 0.0094) Re(0.80058 ± 0.0921) | 1200 < Re ≤ 1850 | [1] |
Nu = (3.6361 ± 0.0094) Re(1.2804 ± 0.0273) | 1850 < Re ≤ 2900 | |||
He-water | Zigzag | fP·Re = 15.78 + 0.0557 Re0.82 | 0 < Re < 3000 | [2] |
He-He & He-water | Nu = 4.089 + 0.00497 Re0.95·Pr0.55 | 0 < Re < 3000 0.66 < Pr < 13.41 | ||
He | Zigzag | Nu = 4.089 + 0.00365·Re·Pr0.58; fp·Re = 15.78 + 0.004868 Re0.8416 | 0 < Re < 2500 | [2] |
CO2 & Water | Zigzag | Nu = 0.8405·Re0.5704; f = 0.0758·Re−0.19 | 15,000 < Re < 85,000 | [3] |
Nu = 0.2829·Re0.6686; f = 6.9982·Re−0.766 | 50 < Re < 200 | |||
Water | Straight | Nuh = 0.7203 Re0.1775Pr1/3(μ/μ)0.14; f = 1.3383Re − 0.5003 | 100 < Re < 850 | [4] |
s-CO2 | Straight | Hot fluid (470K < Tb < 630K): Nu = 87.56−0.178()−0.9306; f = 0.0375−0.9639()−2.409 Cold fluid (400K < Tb < 520K): Nu = 85.95−0.171()−0.8912; f = 0.0395−0.9479()−2.239 | 5000 < Re < 32,000 | [5] |
Helium | Zigzag | Nu = (0.05516 ± 0.00160)·Re(0.69195 ± 0.00559) | 1400 ≤ Re ≤ 2200 | [6] |
Nu = (0.09221 ± 0.01397)·Re(0.62507 ± 0.01949) | 2200 ≤ Re ≤ 3558 | |||
Helium | Zigzag | Nu = 5.05 + (0.02 + 0.003)·Re·Pr0.6 Nu = (0.71+0.289) ·Pr0.56 Nu = (0.18+0.457) ·Pr0.58 | 100 ≤ Re ≤ 2000 Pr ≤ 1.0 | [7] |
s-CO2 & Al2O3-water nanofluid | Straight | Nu = | 2300 < Re < 0.5 < Pr < 2000 | [8] |
s-CO2 | Straight | Nu = | 2300 < Re < 5 0.5 < Pr < 2000 | [9] |
Water | S-type | Nu = 0.03428·Re0.6135 | 50 ≤ Re ≤ 310 | This paper |
Equipment Uncertainty | |||
---|---|---|---|
Equipment | Operating or Measuring Range | Resolution | Relative Uncertainly |
Heating system | 70–100 °C | 0.01 °C | 1.8% |
Cooling system | 20 °C | 0.01 °C | 1.7% |
Flowmeter | 10–100 L h−1 | 1 L h−1 | 2.4% |
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Chang, C.-Y.; Chen, W.-H.; Saw, L.H.; Arpia, A.A.; Carrera Uribe, M. Performance Analysis of a Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger with a Novel Mirror-Symmetric Channel Design. Energies 2021, 14, 4252. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144252
Chang C-Y, Chen W-H, Saw LH, Arpia AA, Carrera Uribe M. Performance Analysis of a Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger with a Novel Mirror-Symmetric Channel Design. Energies. 2021; 14(14):4252. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144252
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Cheng-Yen, Wei-Hsin Chen, Lip Huat Saw, Arjay Avilla Arpia, and Manuel Carrera Uribe. 2021. "Performance Analysis of a Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger with a Novel Mirror-Symmetric Channel Design" Energies 14, no. 14: 4252. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144252