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Volume 14
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Article

Lithium-Ion Capacitor Lifetime Extension through an Optimal Thermal Management System for Smart Grid Applications

by
Danial Karimi
1,2,*,
Sahar Khaleghi
1,2,
Hamidreza Behi
1,2,
Hamidreza Beheshti
1,2,
Md Sazzad Hosen
1,2,
Mohsen Akbarzadeh
1,2,
Joeri Van Mierlo
1,2 and
Maitane Berecibar
1,2
1
Research Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics, Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
2
Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2021, 14(10), 2907; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102907
Submission received: 19 April 2021 / Revised: 12 May 2021 / Accepted: 14 May 2021 / Published: 18 May 2021
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Abstract

A lithium-ion capacitor (LiC) is one of the most promising technologies for grid applications, which combines the energy storage mechanism of an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) and a lithium-ion battery (LiB). This article presents an optimal thermal management system (TMS) to extend the end of life (EoL) of LiC technology considering different active and passive cooling methods. The impact of different operating conditions and stress factors such as high temperature on the LiC capacity degradation is investigated. Later, optimal passive TMS employing a heat pipe cooling system (HPCS) is developed to control the LiC cell temperature. Finally, the effect of the proposed TMS on the lifetime extension of the LiC is explained. Moreover, this trend is compared to the active cooling system using liquid-cooled TMS (LCTMS). The results demonstrate that the LiC cell temperature can be controlled by employing a proper TMS during the cycle aging test under 150 A current rate. The cell’s top surface temperature is reduced by 11.7% using the HPCS. Moreover, by controlling the temperature of the cell at around 32.5 and 48.8 °C, the lifetime of the LiC would be extended by 51.7% and 16.5%, respectively, compared to the cycling of the LiC under natural convection (NC). In addition, the capacity degradation for the NC, HPCS, and LCTMS case studies are 90.4%, 92.5%, and 94.2%, respectively.
Keywords: lifetime; lithium-ion capacitor (LiC); thermal management system (TMS); heat pipe cooling system (HPCS); grid application lifetime; lithium-ion capacitor (LiC); thermal management system (TMS); heat pipe cooling system (HPCS); grid application

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MDPI and ACS Style

Karimi, D.; Khaleghi, S.; Behi, H.; Beheshti, H.; Hosen, M.S.; Akbarzadeh, M.; Van Mierlo, J.; Berecibar, M. Lithium-Ion Capacitor Lifetime Extension through an Optimal Thermal Management System for Smart Grid Applications. Energies 2021, 14, 2907. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102907

AMA Style

Karimi D, Khaleghi S, Behi H, Beheshti H, Hosen MS, Akbarzadeh M, Van Mierlo J, Berecibar M. Lithium-Ion Capacitor Lifetime Extension through an Optimal Thermal Management System for Smart Grid Applications. Energies. 2021; 14(10):2907. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102907

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karimi, Danial, Sahar Khaleghi, Hamidreza Behi, Hamidreza Beheshti, Md Sazzad Hosen, Mohsen Akbarzadeh, Joeri Van Mierlo, and Maitane Berecibar. 2021. "Lithium-Ion Capacitor Lifetime Extension through an Optimal Thermal Management System for Smart Grid Applications" Energies 14, no. 10: 2907. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102907

APA Style

Karimi, D., Khaleghi, S., Behi, H., Beheshti, H., Hosen, M. S., Akbarzadeh, M., Van Mierlo, J., & Berecibar, M. (2021). Lithium-Ion Capacitor Lifetime Extension through an Optimal Thermal Management System for Smart Grid Applications. Energies, 14(10), 2907. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102907

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