Lipid Production from Amino Acid Wastes by the Oleaginous Yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Microorganism, Media, and Growth Conditions
2.2. Culture Conditions
2.3. Analytical Methods
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Evaluating Individual AAs as Carbon Sources for Lipid Production
3.2. Lipid Production on AA Blends
3.3. Lipid Production on L-Proline
3.4. Fatty Acid Compositional Profile of the Lipid Products
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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AA | Initial Concentration (g/L) | ||
---|---|---|---|
SV Blends | FM Blends | MI Blends | |
L-Aspartic acid (Asp) | 3.22 | 1.14 | 5.02 |
DL-Asparagine (Asn) | 3.21 | - | - |
L-Isoleucine (Ile) | 2.62 | 2.54 | 2.32 |
L-Valine (Val) | 3.45 | 3.07 | 2.90 |
L-Methionine (Met) | 0.82 | 2.51 | 1.36 |
L-Arginine (Arg) | - | 3.47 | 4.15 |
L-Histidine (His) | 1.46 | 1.16 | 1.64 |
L-Glutamine (Gln) | 3.82 | - | - |
L-Proline (Pro) | 4.56 | 0.43 | 8.77 |
L-Glutamic acid (Glu) | 7.30 | 6.50 | 8.96 |
L-Alanine (Ala) | 5.39 | 3.12 | 3.96 |
L-Threonine (Thr) | 2.69 | 6.54 | 2.51 |
L-Glycine (Gly) | 7.95 | 1.20 | 6.17 |
L-Serine (Ser) | 3.18 | 2.01 | 2.90 |
L-Cysteine (Cys) | 0.82 | 1.49 | 0.66 |
L-Phenylalanine (Phe) | 3.65 | 6.46 | 2.22 |
L-Tryptophan (Trp) | - | 2.13 | 0.65 |
L-Tyrosine (Tyr) | 0.73 | 5.91 | 1.64 |
L-Lysine (Lys) | 5.06 | 5.85 | 4.73 |
L-Leucine (Leu) | 5.28 | 4.37 | 3.95 |
Total | 65.23 | 59.88 | 64.52 |
Media | Lipid Content (%) | Relative Fatty Acid Content (%, w/w) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Myristic (14:0) | Palmitic (16:0) | Palmitoleic (16:1) | Stearic (18:0) | Oleic (18:1) | Linoleic (18:2) | ||
Pro | 27.7 | 3.0 | 40.9 | 0.7 | 15.1 | 36.9 | 3.5 |
FMAA | 29.5 | 2.2 | 44.6 | 0.8 | 16.3 | 34.4 | 1.7 |
MIAA | 27.7 | 3.1 | 43.0 | 0.6 | 16.3 | 35.6 | 1.4 |
SVAA | 23.7 | 2.1 | 46.1 | 0.8 | 14.7 | 35.0 | 1.4 |
Glucose [5] | 67.5 | 1.3 | 20.0 | 0.6 | 14.6 | 46.9 | 13.1 |
Glycerol [26] | 35.0 | 1.4 | 27.8 | 0.6 | 21.8 | 43.8 | 2.9 |
Corn stover [33] | - | 2.6 | 44.6 | 1.0 | 15.8 | 36.0 | 0.7 |
Sugarcane juice [34] | 45.0 | 1.0 | 21.5 | 0.7 | 4.6 | 62.1 | 7.6 |
Palm [35] | - | - | 42.7 | - | 2.1 | 38.4 | 10.6 |
Canola [35] | - | - | 3.7 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 62.4 | 20.1 |
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Li, Q.; Kamal, R.; Wang, Q.; Yu, X.; Zhao, Z.K. Lipid Production from Amino Acid Wastes by the Oleaginous Yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides. Energies 2020, 13, 1576. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13071576
Li Q, Kamal R, Wang Q, Yu X, Zhao ZK. Lipid Production from Amino Acid Wastes by the Oleaginous Yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides. Energies. 2020; 13(7):1576. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13071576
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Qiang, Rasool Kamal, Qian Wang, Xue Yu, and Zongbao Kent Zhao. 2020. "Lipid Production from Amino Acid Wastes by the Oleaginous Yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides" Energies 13, no. 7: 1576. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13071576