Selective Hydrogenation of Phenol to Cyclohexanol over Ni/CNT in the Absence of External Hydrogen

Chen, Changzhou; Liu, Peng; Zhou, Minghao; Sharma, Brajendra K.; Jiang, Jianchun

doi:10.3390/en13040846

Open AccessArticle

Selective Hydrogenation of Phenol to Cyclohexanol over Ni/CNT in the Absence of External Hydrogen

by

Changzhou Chen

^1,2,

Peng Liu

^1,2,

Minghao Zhou

^1,2,3,*,

Brajendra K. Sharma

^3,*

and

Jianchun Jiang

^1,2,*

¹

Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing 210042, China

²

Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

³

Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, Prairie Research Institute, one Hazelwood Dr., Champaign, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Energies 2020, 13(4), 846; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13040846

Submission received: 7 January 2020 / Revised: 9 February 2020 / Accepted: 11 February 2020 / Published: 14 February 2020

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Byproducts, Waste Biomass and Products to form Green Diesel and Biocrude Oils)

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Abstract

Transfer hydrogenation is a novel and efficient method to realize the hydrogenation in different chemical reactions and exploring a simple heterogeneous catalyst with high activity is crucial. Ni/CNT was synthesized through a traditional impregnation method, and the detailed physicochemical properties were performed by means of XRD, TEM, XPS, BET, and ICP analysis. Through the screening of loading amounts, solvents, reaction temperature, and reaction time, 20% Ni/CNT achieves an almost complete conversion of phenol after 60 min at 220 °C in the absence of external hydrogen. Furthermore, the catalytic system is carried out on a variety of phenol derivatives for the generation of corresponding cyclohexanols with good to excellent results. The mechanism suggests that the hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone is the first step, while the hydrogenation of cyclohexanone for the generation of cyclohexanol takes place in a successive step. Moreover, Ni/CNT catalyst can be magnetically recovered and reused in the next test for succeeding four times.

Keywords: phenol; hydrogenation; Ni/CNT; cyclohexanol; transfer hydrogenation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, C.; Liu, P.; Zhou, M.; Sharma, B.K.; Jiang, J. Selective Hydrogenation of Phenol to Cyclohexanol over Ni/CNT in the Absence of External Hydrogen. Energies 2020, 13, 846. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13040846

AMA Style

Chen C, Liu P, Zhou M, Sharma BK, Jiang J. Selective Hydrogenation of Phenol to Cyclohexanol over Ni/CNT in the Absence of External Hydrogen. Energies. 2020; 13(4):846. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13040846

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Changzhou, Peng Liu, Minghao Zhou, Brajendra K. Sharma, and Jianchun Jiang. 2020. "Selective Hydrogenation of Phenol to Cyclohexanol over Ni/CNT in the Absence of External Hydrogen" Energies 13, no. 4: 846. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13040846

APA Style

Chen, C., Liu, P., Zhou, M., Sharma, B. K., & Jiang, J. (2020). Selective Hydrogenation of Phenol to Cyclohexanol over Ni/CNT in the Absence of External Hydrogen. Energies, 13(4), 846. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13040846

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Selective Hydrogenation of Phenol to Cyclohexanol over Ni/CNT in the Absence of External Hydrogen

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