Local Heat Transfer Analysis in a Single Microchannel with Boiling DI-Water and Correlations with Impedance Local Sensors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Setup
3. Data Reduction
4. Results and Discussions
4.1. Single Phase Pressure Drop Validation
4.2. Two Phase Experimental Results
4.3. Local Electrical Sensing
Slug Flow Analysis Using Impedance Sensors
5. Summary
- It was found that the flow regime in the channels varied considerably between the selected experimental conditions.
- Two different regimes were identified for the value of the heat transfer coefficient with respect to the vapor quality within the investigated mass and heat flux conditions: At the onset of evaporation (0 < x < 0.05), the heat transfer coefficient increases with the vapour quality. At intermediate vapor quality ranges (0.05 < x < 0.5), the heat transfer coefficient shows a “U” shape profile. Since the dry-out did not occur in any of the experiments, the heat transfer coefficient did not decrease to a value typical for gas systems.
- For the heat transfer coefficient, a similar comparison was done using four correlations. It was found that most correlations predicted the correct values for some points but failed in other regimes. The correlation published by Mahmoud and Karayianis [48] showed the best predictive performance over the whole range of experiments. There are relatively big mean absolute error values observed between experimental results and prediction of the selected correlations. We conclude that this is due to the relative unstable and different flow conditions.
- It was affirmed that it is possible to find local information regarding the flow regime using impedance sensors as we presented previously in [35]. In most conditions, slug flow and annular flow regimes were observed in the channel. In the instances when bubbly flow was found, it transformed into slug flow. The application of such sensing system was highlighted in mechanistic models based on flow regime such as the model presented by Falsetti et al. [33].
- The slug passing frequency and duty cycle are critical and usable information that was obtained and cross checked with the synchronized videos. Thus for the case when slug flow is the dominant regime in the channel, the information gleaned form the impedance spectroscopy, namely residence time and bubble frequency at the sensor location is very useful.
- Since it has been found that the flow regime is of paramount importance regarding the heat transfer, the information gained from impedance spectroscopy is a useful tool to use the correct correlations for a given set of experimental conditions.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
A | cross-section area | () |
heat capacity | () | |
hydraulic diameter | () | |
f | friction factor | (-) |
G | mass flux | () |
h | heat transfer coefficient | () |
latent heat of vaporization | () | |
channel height | () | |
I | electrical current | () |
k | thermal conductivity | () |
K | pressure loss coefficient | (-) |
L | channel length | () |
heat flux | () | |
power | () | |
t | time | () |
T | temperature | () |
V | electrical voltage | () |
channel width | () | |
x | vapor quality, | (-) |
void fraction | (-) | |
channel aspect ratio | (-) | |
liquid film thickness | () | |
dynamic viscosity | () | |
density | () | |
time period | () | |
two phase multiplier | (-) | |
Dimensionless numbers | ||
Boiling number | ||
Bond number | ||
C | Chisholm parameter | |
Martinelli parameter | ||
Froude number, | ||
Nusselt number | ||
Peclet number, | ||
Prandtl number, | ||
Reynolds number, | ||
Webber number, | ||
Subscripts | ||
acceleration | ||
ambient | ||
base | ||
channel | ||
expansion | ||
effective | ||
fluid | ||
footprint | ||
v | vapor | |
inlet | ||
l | liquid | |
local | ||
heat loss | ||
outlet | ||
saturation | ||
single phase | ||
two phase | ||
w | wall | |
sudden contraction | ||
sudden expansion | ||
corner |
Appendix A. Single Phase Pressure Drop
Appendix B. Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficient Correlations
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Property | Unit | Value or Range | Uncertainty |
---|---|---|---|
Channel hydraulic diameter | 750 & 1050 | ||
Flow rate | 0.5–4 | ||
Temperature | 60–140 | ±0.5 | |
Total heaters applied power | 7–30 | ||
measurement excitation freq. | 50 | less than 0.01% = 5 Hz | |
measurement sampling freq. | 13.7 | ||
Reynolds number @ 90 | - | 25–206 | |
differential pressure sensing | 0–350 | 0.35 | |
absolute inlet pressure sensing | 0 to 40,000 | 40 | |
input power | 7–33 |
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Talebi, M.; Sadir, S.; Kraut, M.; Dittmeyer, R.; Woias, P. Local Heat Transfer Analysis in a Single Microchannel with Boiling DI-Water and Correlations with Impedance Local Sensors. Energies 2020, 13, 6473. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236473
Talebi M, Sadir S, Kraut M, Dittmeyer R, Woias P. Local Heat Transfer Analysis in a Single Microchannel with Boiling DI-Water and Correlations with Impedance Local Sensors. Energies. 2020; 13(23):6473. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236473
Chicago/Turabian StyleTalebi, Mohammadmahdi, Sahba Sadir, Manfred Kraut, Roland Dittmeyer, and Peter Woias. 2020. "Local Heat Transfer Analysis in a Single Microchannel with Boiling DI-Water and Correlations with Impedance Local Sensors" Energies 13, no. 23: 6473. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236473