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Volume 13
Issue 22
10.3390/en13225941
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Article

Maximising Yield and Engine Efficiency Using Optimised Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel

by
Luqman Razzaq
1,
Shahid Imran
1,
Zahid Anwar
1,
Muhammad Farooq
1,
Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas
1,*,
Haris Mehmood Khan
2,
Tahir Asif
1,
Muhammad Amjad
1,
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar
3,
Nabeel Shaukat
2,
I. M. Rizwanul Fattah
4,* and
S. M. Ashrafur Rahman
5,*
1
Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering, New Campus, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
2
Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, New Campus, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
4
School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
5
Biofuel Engine Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2020, 13(22), 5941; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13225941
Submission received: 6 October 2020 / Revised: 1 November 2020 / Accepted: 11 November 2020 / Published: 13 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Combustion Systems and Their Impact)
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Abstract

In this study, waste cooking oil (WCO) was used as a feedstock for biodiesel production, where the pretreatment of WCO was performed using mineral acids to reduce the acid value. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to create an interaction for different operating parameters that affect biodiesel yield. The optimised biodiesel yield was 93% at a reaction temperature of 57.50 °C, catalyst concentration 0.25 w/w, methanol to oil ratio 8.50:1, reaction stirring speed 600 rpm, and a reaction time of 3 h. Physicochemical properties, including lower heating value, density, viscosity, cloud point, and flash point of biodiesel blends, were determined using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Biodiesel blends B10, B20, B30, B40, and B50 were tested on a compression ignition engine. Engine performance parameters, including brake torque (BT), brake power (BP), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were determined using biodiesel blends and compared to that of high-speed diesel. The average BT reduction for biodiesel blends compared to HSD at 3000 rpm were found to be 1.45%, 2%, 2.2%, 3.09%, and 3.5% for B10, B20, B30, B40, and B50, respectively. The average increase in BSFC for biodiesel blends compared to HSD at 3500 rpm were found to be 1.61%, 5.73%, 8.8%, 12.76%, and 18% for B10, B20, B30, B40, and B50, respectively.
Keywords: biodiesel; waste cooking oil; transesterification; response surface methodology; central composite design biodiesel; waste cooking oil; transesterification; response surface methodology; central composite design
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MDPI and ACS Style

Razzaq, L.; Imran, S.; Anwar, Z.; Farooq, M.; Abbas, M.M.; Mehmood Khan, H.; Asif, T.; Amjad, M.; Soudagar, M.E.M.; Shaukat, N.; et al. Maximising Yield and Engine Efficiency Using Optimised Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel. Energies 2020, 13, 5941. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13225941

AMA Style

Razzaq L, Imran S, Anwar Z, Farooq M, Abbas MM, Mehmood Khan H, Asif T, Amjad M, Soudagar MEM, Shaukat N, et al. Maximising Yield and Engine Efficiency Using Optimised Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel. Energies. 2020; 13(22):5941. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13225941

Chicago/Turabian Style

Razzaq, Luqman, Shahid Imran, Zahid Anwar, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas, Haris Mehmood Khan, Tahir Asif, Muhammad Amjad, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, Nabeel Shaukat, and et al. 2020. "Maximising Yield and Engine Efficiency Using Optimised Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel" Energies 13, no. 22: 5941. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13225941

APA Style

Razzaq, L., Imran, S., Anwar, Z., Farooq, M., Abbas, M. M., Mehmood Khan, H., Asif, T., Amjad, M., Soudagar, M. E. M., Shaukat, N., Rizwanul Fattah, I. M., & Rahman, S. M. A. (2020). Maximising Yield and Engine Efficiency Using Optimised Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel. Energies, 13(22), 5941. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13225941

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