Voltage Harmonic Impacts on Electric Motors: A Comparison between IE2, IE3 and IE4 Induction Motor Classes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
IEC 60034-30-1 and Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS)
2. Improvements in Induction Motors
SCIM’s and LSPMM’s Similarities and Differences
3. Methodology
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Current Increase Due to Harmonics
4.2. Total Current Harmonic Distortion
4.3. Reactive Power and Power Factor with Voltage Harmonics
4.4. Temperature Increase Due to Harmonics
4.5. Correlation Matrix for Temperature
5. Conclusions
- Second negative sequence harmonic voltage proved to be the most damaging for electric motors, of which the LSPMM shows the worst performance, while the IE3 class motor presented the smallest variations.
- The seventh harmonic also resulted in uniform increases in all motors, however smaller than those found for the second and fifth harmonics of negative sequence.
- The third zero sequence harmonic did not produce considerable variations in electric motors, where the parameters showed variations around their initial values.
- The combination of all harmonics proved to be more damaging than each individual harmonic analyzed, of which the second harmonic had the greatest contribution.
- More efficient motors can result in greater savings in energy and economic terms, mainly in systems with good power quality.
- An analysis of the electricity supply quality at the installation site must be carried out before replacement. Poor power quality reduces electric motor efficiency. Regarding the LSPMM, although in ideal operating conditions, it presented lower current, reactive power and operational temperature, with the presence of harmonics in the supply voltage it presents the worst performance of the three motors analyzed, being more affected by the second harmonic of negative sequence. Another factor to consider is the distortion presented by the LSPMM, which initially already presents values superior to that of the other technologies, and with the presence of harmonics, due to the presence of permanent magnets, higher percentages of THDI are found for this technology. Therefore, in large-scale applications, studies on the quality of the supply before and after installation must be carried out.
- The application type must also be considered. For the LSPMM, it was observed at the moment of starting a difficulty to start with a load, this can be critical mainly for applications with frequent start/stop cycles.
- For future replacements, the economical part is fundamental, the operating time of the old motor in order to verify the payback due to the higher costs of higher efficiency motors. Currently in the Brazilian market, the cost of the IE4 class motor is approximately 1.3 times the cost of the IE3 class motor, while the IE3 class motor is 1.3 times the cost of the IE2 class motor.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Paper Main Subject | Relevant Literature |
---|---|
Induction motors comparison | [2,3,16,18,19,20,22,25,34,35,37,38] |
Harmonics impacts on induction motors | [5,6,22,34,35,36,39,40,41,42,43,44] |
Harmonics presence and diagnosis in power systems | [11,12,44] |
Fault diagnosis in induction motors | [10,13,14] |
Economic substitution studies | [16,23] |
Line start permanent magnet motor (LSPMM) | [5,17,18,21,22,24,25,26,27,28,31,32,43,45,46,47,48,49,50,51] |
Temperature increase due to harmonics | [3,5,34,35,36,52] |
IM Class | IE2 | IE3 | IE4 |
---|---|---|---|
Technology | SCIM | SCIM | LSPMM |
Power | 1 Hp | 1 Hp | 1 Hp |
Voltage | 220/380 V | 220/380 V | 220/380 V |
Speed (rpm) | 1730 | 1725 | 1800 |
Torque (Nm) | 4.12 | 4.13 | 3.96 |
Current (A) | 2.98/1.73 | 2.91/1.68 | 3.08/1.78 |
Efficiency (%) | 82.6 | 82.6 | 87.4 |
Power Factor | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.73 |
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Muñoz Tabora, J.; de Lima Tostes, M.E.; Ortiz de Matos, E.; Mota Soares, T.; Bezerra, U.H. Voltage Harmonic Impacts on Electric Motors: A Comparison between IE2, IE3 and IE4 Induction Motor Classes. Energies 2020, 13, 3333. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133333
Muñoz Tabora J, de Lima Tostes ME, Ortiz de Matos E, Mota Soares T, Bezerra UH. Voltage Harmonic Impacts on Electric Motors: A Comparison between IE2, IE3 and IE4 Induction Motor Classes. Energies. 2020; 13(13):3333. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133333
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuñoz Tabora, Jonathan, Maria Emília de Lima Tostes, Edson Ortiz de Matos, Thiago Mota Soares, and Ubiratan Holanda Bezerra. 2020. "Voltage Harmonic Impacts on Electric Motors: A Comparison between IE2, IE3 and IE4 Induction Motor Classes" Energies 13, no. 13: 3333. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133333