Development of a Computational System to Improve Wind Farm Layout, Part II: Wind Turbine Wakes Interaction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Review: Wind Farm Aerodynamics
1.1.1. Wake Aerodynamics
1.1.2. Wind Energy Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Review
NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Phase VI
NREL 5 MW
Other Topics
1.2. Gaps in the Literature
2. Methods: Wind Farm CFD Modeling
2.1. Wake Effects
2.2. CFD Model
2.3. Second and Third Rows Simulation
2.4. Wake Similarity
2.5. Cases of Study and Motivation
3. Results
3.1. Wind Turbine Wake in the First and Second Rows
3.1.1. Velocity and Turbulence Intensity (TI) Contours
3.1.2. Velocity and TI Plots
3.2. Far Wake Aerodynamics: Influence of Operating Conditions
3.2.1. Influence of the Tip Speed Ratio (TSR)
3.2.2. Influence of the Pitch Angle
3.2.3. Influence of the Free-Stream Velocity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
TSR | Tip Speed Ratio |
TI | Turbulence Intensity |
RANS | Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes |
BEM | Blade Element Method |
CFD | Computational Fluid Dynamics |
LES | Large-Eddy Simulation |
ABL | Atmospheric Boundary Layer |
MRF | Moving Reference Frame |
MEXICO | Model Experiments in Controlled Conditions |
θ | Pitch Angle |
ω | Rotational Speed |
R | Blade Radius |
Appendix A
Elements | Nodes | Rotor (m) | Central Disc (m) | Sphere of Influence (m) | Near Wake (m) | Far Wake (m) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case 1 | 19,602,483 | 3,325,671 | 0.025 | 0.05 | 0.075 | 0.15 | 0.3 |
Case 2 | 10,424,238 | 1,782,980 | 0.025 | 0.05 | 0.075 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
Case 3 | 7,055,590 | 1,215,712 | 0.025 | 0.05 | 0.075 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
Case 4 | 4,025,982 | 705,040 | 0.025 | 0.05 | 0.075 | 0.5 | 0.75 |
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Rodrigues, R.V.; Lengsfeld, C. Development of a Computational System to Improve Wind Farm Layout, Part II: Wind Turbine Wakes Interaction. Energies 2019, 12, 1328. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12071328
Rodrigues RV, Lengsfeld C. Development of a Computational System to Improve Wind Farm Layout, Part II: Wind Turbine Wakes Interaction. Energies. 2019; 12(7):1328. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12071328
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodrigues, Rafael V., and Corinne Lengsfeld. 2019. "Development of a Computational System to Improve Wind Farm Layout, Part II: Wind Turbine Wakes Interaction" Energies 12, no. 7: 1328. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12071328