Fixing Efficiency Values by Unfixing Compressor Speed: Dynamic Test Method for Heat Pumps
1
BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung, 12205 Berlin, Germany
2
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna 1210, Austria
3
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Current address: Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
Energies 2019, 12(6), 1045; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12061045
Received: 28 February 2019 / Revised: 13 March 2019 / Accepted: 14 March 2019 / Published: 18 March 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Efficiency in Plants and Buildings 2019)
The growing market penetration of heat pumps indicates the need for a performance test method that better reflects the dynamic behavior of heat pumps. In this contribution, we developed and implemented a dynamic test method for the evaluation of the seasonal performance of heat pumps by means of laboratory testing. Current standards force the heat pump control inactive by fixing the compressor speed. In contrast, during dynamic testing, the compressor runs unfixed while the heat pump is subjected to a temperature profile. The profile consists of the different outdoor temperatures of a typical heating season based on the average European climate and also includes temperature changes to reflect the dynamic behavior of the heat pump. The seasonal performance can be directly obtained from the measured heating energy and electricity consumption making subsequent data interpolation and recalculation with correction factors obsolete. The method delivers results with high precision and high reproducibility and could be an appropriate method for a fair rating of heat pumps.
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Keywords:
heat pump; dynamic test method; seasonal performance factor; variable frequency drive; field approximation; energy label; air source heat pump; ground source heat pump
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Palkowski, C.; Zottl, A.; Malenkovic, I.; Simo, A. Fixing Efficiency Values by Unfixing Compressor Speed: Dynamic Test Method for Heat Pumps. Energies 2019, 12, 1045. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12061045
AMA Style
Palkowski C, Zottl A, Malenkovic I, Simo A. Fixing Efficiency Values by Unfixing Compressor Speed: Dynamic Test Method for Heat Pumps. Energies. 2019; 12(6):1045. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12061045
Chicago/Turabian StylePalkowski, Carsten; Zottl, Andreas; Malenkovic, Ivan; Simo, Anne. 2019. "Fixing Efficiency Values by Unfixing Compressor Speed: Dynamic Test Method for Heat Pumps" Energies 12, no. 6: 1045. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12061045
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