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Volume 12
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10.3390/en12152913
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Article

Continuous Lithium Extraction from Aqueous Solution Using Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization

by
Yuncheol Ha
1,†,
Hye Bin Jung
1,†,
Hyunseung Lim
1,
Pil Sung Jo
2,
Hana Yoon
3,
Chung-Yul Yoo
3,
Tuan Kiet Pham
1,
Wook Ahn
1 and
Younghyun Cho
1,*
1
Department of Energy Systems, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
3
Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Y.H. and H.B.J. contributed equally to this work.
Energies 2019, 12(15), 2913; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12152913
Submission received: 8 July 2019 / Revised: 25 July 2019 / Accepted: 26 July 2019 / Published: 29 July 2019
(This article belongs to the Section B: Energy and Environment)
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Abstract

Flow-electrode-based capacitive deionization (FCDI) is a desalination process that uses electrostatic adsorption and desorption of ions onto electrode materials. It provides a continuous desalination flow with high salt removal performance and low energy consumption. Since lithium has been regarded as an essential element for the last few decades, the efficient production of lithium from the natural environment has been intensively investigated. In this study, we have extracted lithium ions from aqueous solution by using FCDI desalination. We confirmed that lithium and chloride ions could be continuously collected and that the salt removal rate depends on various parameters, including feed-flow rate and a feed saline concentration. We found that the salt removal rate increases as the feed-flow rate decreases and the feed salt concentration increases. Furthermore, the salt removal rate depends on the circulation mode of the feed solution (continuous feed stream vs. batch feed stream), which allows control of the desalination performance (higher capacity vs. higher efficiency) depending on the purpose of the application. The salt removal rate was highest, at 215.06 μmol/m−2s−1, at the feed rate of 3 mL/min and the feed concentration of 100 mg/L. We believe that such efficient and continuous extraction of lithium chloride using FCDI desalination can open a new door for the current lithium-production industry, which typically uses natural water evaporation.
Keywords: flow electrode capacitive deionization; desalination; lithium chloride extraction; ion-exchange membrane flow electrode capacitive deionization; desalination; lithium chloride extraction; ion-exchange membrane
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MDPI and ACS Style

Ha, Y.; Jung, H.B.; Lim, H.; Jo, P.S.; Yoon, H.; Yoo, C.-Y.; Pham, T.K.; Ahn, W.; Cho, Y. Continuous Lithium Extraction from Aqueous Solution Using Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization. Energies 2019, 12, 2913. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12152913

AMA Style

Ha Y, Jung HB, Lim H, Jo PS, Yoon H, Yoo C-Y, Pham TK, Ahn W, Cho Y. Continuous Lithium Extraction from Aqueous Solution Using Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization. Energies. 2019; 12(15):2913. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12152913

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ha, Yuncheol, Hye Bin Jung, Hyunseung Lim, Pil Sung Jo, Hana Yoon, Chung-Yul Yoo, Tuan Kiet Pham, Wook Ahn, and Younghyun Cho. 2019. "Continuous Lithium Extraction from Aqueous Solution Using Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization" Energies 12, no. 15: 2913. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12152913

APA Style

Ha, Y., Jung, H. B., Lim, H., Jo, P. S., Yoon, H., Yoo, C.-Y., Pham, T. K., Ahn, W., & Cho, Y. (2019). Continuous Lithium Extraction from Aqueous Solution Using Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization. Energies, 12(15), 2913. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12152913

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