Performance Analysis of Single-Phase Electrical Machine for Military Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Constraints of Portable Generator in Military Applications
3. Design Strategy for Portable Generator
3.1. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Reluctance Generator
- The barrier number, size, position and shape are optimized for required output voltage and good saliency ratio.
- The magnets are designed and placed to meet the PM flux linkage required for this application.
3.2. Induction Generator
4. Finite Element Analysis
4.1. Flux Distribution
4.2. Output Voltage Waveforms
4.3. Weight of the Generators
5. Mechanical Analysis
5.1. Transient Thermal Analysis
5.2. Torque Waveform in Generating Mode
5.3. Acoustic Analysis
6. Cost Estimation
7. Conclusions
From the Analysis
- ✓
- Voltage regulation in the G2 rotor was 8.77% less compared to G3.
- ✓
- The magnet weight used in G1 was 72.2% higher than G2.
- ✓
- The overall weight of G2 was 20.7% and 52% less than G3 and G1, respectively.
- ✓
- At rated load, both generators were within the thermal limit for ambient conditions prescribed by the military requirements.
- ✓
- The noise level of G2 and G3 was 64 dB and 66 dB, respectively, which is within the range of military standards.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Magnet | Characteristic | Unit | Value |
---|---|---|---|
Ferrite | Residual induction Br at 20C | Tesla | 0.42 |
Energy Product at 20C | kJ/m3 | 32.9 | |
Mass density | kg/m3 | 4900 | |
Max. Working Temperature | °C | 300 | |
Curie Temperature | °C | 450 | |
NdFeB | Characteristic | Unit | Value |
Residual induction Br at 20C | Tesla | 1.39 | |
Energy Product at 20C | kJ/m3 | 367.4 | |
Mass density | kg/m3 | 7500 | |
Max. Working Temperature | °C | 230 | |
Curie Temperature | °C | 310 |
Material | Density (Kg/m3) | Specific Heat (J/KgC) | Thermal Conductivity (W/mC) |
---|---|---|---|
M36-29 Gauge | 7700 | 490 | 25 |
Copper | 8954 | 383.1 | 386 |
Nomex 410 | 1400 | 1300 | 0.14 |
Cast Iron | 7272 | 486 | 36.3 |
N52 (NdFeB) | 7500 | 460 | 7.6 |
Appendix B
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Characteristic | Value |
---|---|
5 kW | |
Weight, (dry) | 750 lbs. (340.2 Kg) |
Weight, wet, 80% fueled | 796 lbs. (361.1 Kg) |
Noise | 68 dBA |
Dimensions | 45 × 32 × 36 in (1.143 × 0.813 × 0.914 m) |
Thermal ambient conditions | −42 °C to + 65 °C |
Parameters | Unit | Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Output power | kW | 5 | ||
Speed | rpm | 1500 | ||
Voltage | V | 230 | ||
Frequency | Hz | 50 | ||
No. of phase | - | 1 | ||
No of poles | - | 4 | ||
Outer stator diameter | mm | 125 | ||
Inner stator diameter | - | 85 | ||
Magnet thickness | mm | 5 | ||
Load resistance | Ω | 10.6 | ||
Stack length | mm | G1 | G2 | G3 |
118 | 75 | 91 |
Dimensionless Number | Equation | Nomenclature |
---|---|---|
Reynold’s number | D—Diameter of the stator up to the stator pole arc (m) —Angular velocity = 2 ∏ N/60 (rad/s) N—Speed of the motor (rpm) —Kinematic viscosity (m2/s) β—Coefficient of cubical expansion of fluid (K−1) g—Gravitational force of attraction (m/s2) θ—Temperature difference between surface and fluid (K) —Fluid density (kg/m3) L—Characteristic length of the surface (m) µ—Fluid dynamic viscosity (Kg/m s) c—Specific heat capacity of fluid (J/Kg K) λ—Thermal conductivity of fluid (W/m K) | |
Grashof number | ||
Prandtl number | ||
Nusselt Number |
Components | Heat Loss | |
---|---|---|
G2 | G3 | |
Copper loss | 491 | 833 |
Core loss | 35 | 33 |
Parameter | G1 | G2 | G3 | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
No load induced EMF (V) | 281 | 253.8 | 263 |
|
Full load voltage (V) | 229.1 | 230.5 | 228.7 | |
Full load current (A) | 21.9 | 22.2 | 22.17 | |
Output power (kW) | 5.02 | 5.12 | 5.07 | |
Total losses (W) | 941 | 613 | 995 | |
%Efficiency | 84.2 | 89.3 | 83.6 | |
%Voltage regulation | 22.65 | 10.13 | 18.9 | |
kW/kg | 0.233 | 0.496 | 0.389 | |
Maximum winding temperature (°C) | -NE- | 100 °C | 132 °C | |
Noise level (dB) | -NE- | 64 | 66 |
S. No | Material | Grade | Price/kg (approx.) | Part Number | Quantity (kg) | Cost (INR) (max.) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G2 | G3 | G2 | G3 | |||||
1 | Non-Oriented AISI Silicon Steel | M-36 29 Ga | 80 to 130 | - | 7 | 10 | 910 | 1300 |
2 | NdFeB | N52 | 10000 to 12000 | - | 1.5 | nil | 18000 | -NA- |
3 | Copper coil | AWG-15 | 500 to 620 | - | nil | 3 | -NA- | 1860 |
AWG-16 | 500 to 620 | - | 2.5 | -NA- | 1550 | -NA- | ||
4 | Copper bar | - | 500 to 550 | - | nil | 2.5 | -NA- | 1375 |
5 | Capacitor | 200 uF/440 V | 5600 to 7460 | 871-B32361B2207J50 | nil | 2 (count) | -NA- | 14920 |
6 | Nomex Insulation | Class F | 750 to 1500 | - | 2 | nil | 3000 | -NA- |
Class H | 2500 to 4000 | - | nil | 2 | -NA- | 8000 | ||
7 | Grey cast iron | Grade 350 | 50 to 80 | -Pleae | 8 | 10 | 640 | 800 |
8 | Journal bearing | Bearing Steel | 100 to 160 | 6004 6004 ZZ | 2 (count) | 2 (count) | 320 | 320 |
9 | Fasteners SS 304 | IS 1363/DIN 933/BS 1083 | 25 to 30 | M12x20 | 8 (count) | 8 (count) | 240 | 240 |
10 | Fasteners SS 304 | IS 1363/DIN 933/BS 1083 | 55 to 65 | M16x30 | 4 (count) | 4 (count) | 260 | 260 |
11 | Fabrication | - | - | - | nil | nil | 40000 | 30000 |
- | - | - | - | Total (Approx.) | 22.5 | 29 | 64920 (926 USD) | 59075 (842 USD) |
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Share and Cite
Ganesan, A.U.; Nandhagopal, S.; Venkat, A.S.; Padmanaban, S.; Pedersen, J.K.; Chokkalingam, L.N.; Leonowicz, Z. Performance Analysis of Single-Phase Electrical Machine for Military Applications. Energies 2019, 12, 2285. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122285
Ganesan AU, Nandhagopal S, Venkat AS, Padmanaban S, Pedersen JK, Chokkalingam LN, Leonowicz Z. Performance Analysis of Single-Phase Electrical Machine for Military Applications. Energies. 2019; 12(12):2285. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122285
Chicago/Turabian StyleGanesan, Aswin Uvaraj, Sathyanarayanan Nandhagopal, Arvind Shiyam Venkat, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, John K. Pedersen, Lenin Natesan Chokkalingam, and Zbigniew Leonowicz. 2019. "Performance Analysis of Single-Phase Electrical Machine for Military Applications" Energies 12, no. 12: 2285. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122285