Variations of PV Panel Performance Installed over a Vegetated Roof and a Conventional Black Roof
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Experimental Bed Setting
2.2. Data Aquisition
2.3. Calibration Tests
3. Results
3.1. Overall Performance Analysis
3.2. Detailed Performance Analysis
4. Conclusions and Discussion
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Unit | Value |
---|---|---|
Maximum Power Output at STC | (W) | 235 |
Module Efficiency | (%) | 14.4 |
Nominal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT) | (°C) | 46 ± 2 |
Temperature coefficient of Voc | (V/°C) | −0.0037 |
Temperature coefficient of Isc | (I/°C) | +0.0006 |
Temperature coefficient of Pmpp | (W/°C) | −0.0045 |
Characteristics | Unit | Value |
---|---|---|
Peak Output Power | (W) | 250 |
Maximum continuous output power | (W) | 240 |
Peak inverter efficiency | (%) | 96.5 |
Static maximum power point tracking (MPPT) efficiency | (%) | 99.4 |
Ambient temperature range | (°C) | −40 to +65 |
Sensor Type | Accuracy | Operating Temperature |
---|---|---|
Onset Hobo Data Logger—U30 | ±8 s/month | −40 °C to 60 °C |
Onset Hobo Data Logger—U12 | ±0.35 °C | −20 °C to 70 °C |
Onset Hobo Temp Smart Sensors | ±0.2 °C | −40 °C to 100 °C |
Air/Water/Soil Temperature Sensor | ±0.25 °C | −40 °C to 100 °C |
Onset Hobo Pyrometer | ±10 W/m2 | −40 °C to 75 °C |
Onset Hobo Wind Speed/Gust | ±1.1 m/s | −40 °C to 75 °C |
Onset Hobo Wind Direction | ±5 degrees | −40 °C to 70 °C |
Month | EP-Green (kWh) | EP-Black (kWh) | Difference (kWh) | Difference (%) | Ambient Temperature (°C) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Min | Avg | Max | |||||
January | 48.18 | 47.67 | 0.51 | 1.1% | −14.8 | 3.1 | 20.0 |
February | 102.86 | 102.47 | 0.39 | 0.4% | −7.4 | 8.9 | 24.5 |
March | 84.36 | 83.93 | 0.42 | 0.5% | −0.3 | 14.5 | 25.5 |
April | 141.82 | 141.86 | −0.04 | 0.0% | 7.8 | 18.2 | 26.7 |
May | 141.59 | 139.77 | 1.82 | 1.3% | 9.4 | 22.1 | 30.9 |
June | 245.52 | 239.79 | 5.73 | 2.4% | 14.6 | 30.2 | 38.2 |
July | 198.87 | 194.87 | 3.99 | 2.0% | 17.6 | 30.1 | 36.9 |
August | 165.85 | 163.13 | 2.72 | 1.7% | 19.2 | 28.8 | 36.7 |
Sepetember | 131.14 | 130.53 | 0.61 | 0.5% | 15.0 | 27.2 | 33.6 |
Octorber | 94.28 | 92.86 | 1.41 | 1.5% | 2.3 | 21.0 | 30.0 |
November | 48.56 | 47.65 | 0.91 | 1.9% | −0.8 | 17.2 | 25.0 |
December | 36.32 | 35.36 | 0.96 | 2.7% | −2.0 | 8.6 | 18.6 |
Annual Total | 1439.34 | 1419.90 | 19.43 | 1.4% | - | - | - |
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Alshayeb, M.J.; Chang, J.D. Variations of PV Panel Performance Installed over a Vegetated Roof and a Conventional Black Roof. Energies 2018, 11, 1110. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11051110
Alshayeb MJ, Chang JD. Variations of PV Panel Performance Installed over a Vegetated Roof and a Conventional Black Roof. Energies. 2018; 11(5):1110. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11051110
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlshayeb, Mohammed J., and Jae D. Chang. 2018. "Variations of PV Panel Performance Installed over a Vegetated Roof and a Conventional Black Roof" Energies 11, no. 5: 1110. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11051110
APA StyleAlshayeb, M. J., & Chang, J. D. (2018). Variations of PV Panel Performance Installed over a Vegetated Roof and a Conventional Black Roof. Energies, 11(5), 1110. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11051110