A Novel Supervisory Control Algorithm to Improve the Performance of a Real-Time PV Power-Hardware-In-Loop Simulator with Non-RTDS
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mathematical Properties of a PV System for the PHIL Simulator
2.1. Characteristics of PV Cells for the PHIL Simulator
2.2. Characteristics of PV Modules for the PHIL Simulator
3. Advanced Operation Algorithm of a PV System for the PHIL Simulator
3.1. Conventional PV Simulator Operation Algorithm Used in RTDS
3.2. Proposed Supervisory Control Algorithm for the PV PHIL Simulator with Non-RTDS
4. Implementation of the PV PHIL Simulator
4.1. Architecture of the Proposed PV PHIL Simulator
4.2. Integration and Conversion to Real-Time Processing
- Step 1.
- PV PHIL Simulator initialization procedure: Check the system’s parameters, Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) and TCP/IP communication check, Initialization to the input and output;
- Step 2.
- Pre-start up procedure: Initial stage to DC power supply and Enable the output power;
- Step 3.
- Check the state of each component: Communication check and current state of DC power supply, isolated measurement device, and other peripheral devices;
- Step 4.
- Data processing: Acquisition of the measurement data, calibration process, and visualization to the graphical user interface (GUI);
- Step 5.
- Supervisory control algorithm: Computing the mathematical model of the PV system with environmental variables and measured data;
- Step 6.
- Execution process: Send the set values to the DC power supply and check for faults;
- Step 7.
- Repeat Step 3–Step 6 until the end of the test.
5. Performance Evaluation of the PV System for the PHIL Simulator
5.1. PV Array Simulation and Test Conditions
5.2. Simulation Analysis of Performance Characteristics
5.3. Experiment Analysis of Performance Characteristics
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- The conventional PV algorithm, which is used in RTDS equipment, was applied to the PV PHIL simulator proposed in this study, but the output is in a transient state. However, the proposed algorithm confirmed a stable output state with a grid-tied PV inverter. In addition, the grid-tied PV inverter was able to perform MPPT control in the PV PHIL simulator with the proposed algorithm.
- (2)
- A real-time operating program, which is applied to the proposed algorithm, operating control logic, and API functions of peripheral devices, was developed and it verified the improved performance of the PV PHILS by means of a general Computing Unit, a DC power supply, and the peripherals.
- (3)
- With the spreading use of distributed PV power, such as household PVs and modular PV containers for isolated areas, the PV PHIL simulator can be used to increase the performance, efficiency, and safety of PV inverters and thus increase their competitiveness.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Function Block | Initial Stage (IS) | System Test (ST) | Normal Operation (NP) | Normal Stop (NS) |
---|---|---|---|---|
DC power supply (DC) | ||||
Main computing unit (MC) | ||||
Measurement unit (MU) | ||||
Communication unit (CU) |
Category | Value | Unit |
---|---|---|
Model | MSX-60 | - |
Cell type | Polycrystalline silicon | - |
Maximum power (Pmax) | 60 | W |
Voltage at Pmax (Vmp) | 17.1 | V |
Current at Pmax (Imp) | 3.5 | A |
Open-circuit voltage (Voc) | 21.1 | V |
Short-circuit current (Isc) | 3.8 | A |
Diode quality factor | 1.2 | - |
PV diode band-gap energy | 1.124 | eV |
Number of series cells | 36 | - |
Number of parallel cells | 1 | - |
Number of parallel modules | 12 | - |
Number of parallel modules | 1 | - |
Category | Value | Unit |
---|---|---|
Output rating voltage | 0–315 | V |
Output rating current | 0–8.4 | A |
Output power | 2600 | W |
Programming accuracy | 0.1% + 450.0 mV | - |
Ripple and noise (20 Hz–20 MHz) | ≤25 mVrms | - |
AC input rating | Single phase 220 V ± 10% 50–60 Hz | - |
Category | Value | Unit |
---|---|---|
Manufacturer | DASSTECH | - |
Model | DSP-123K2 | - |
Max. DC power | 3300 | W |
PV voltage range MPPT | 110–450 | V |
Max. input current | 15 | A |
Nominal AC output | 3000 | W |
AC voltage output | 220–240 | V |
AC connection | Single phase | - |
Max. efficiency | 96.7 | % |
Category | Value | Unit |
---|---|---|
Performance Index of Conventional Algorithm | 75.4 | - |
Performance Index of Proposed Algorithm | 29.9 | - |
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Kim, D.-J.; Kim, B.; Ko, H.-S.; Jang, M.-S.; Ryu, K.-S. A Novel Supervisory Control Algorithm to Improve the Performance of a Real-Time PV Power-Hardware-In-Loop Simulator with Non-RTDS. Energies 2017, 10, 1651. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101651
Kim D-J, Kim B, Ko H-S, Jang M-S, Ryu K-S. A Novel Supervisory Control Algorithm to Improve the Performance of a Real-Time PV Power-Hardware-In-Loop Simulator with Non-RTDS. Energies. 2017; 10(10):1651. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101651
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Dae-Jin, Byungki Kim, Hee-Sang Ko, Moon-Seok Jang, and Kyung-Sang Ryu. 2017. "A Novel Supervisory Control Algorithm to Improve the Performance of a Real-Time PV Power-Hardware-In-Loop Simulator with Non-RTDS" Energies 10, no. 10: 1651. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101651