Increased Circulating Epithelial Tumor Cells (CETC/CTC) over the Course of Adjuvant Radiotherapy Is a Predictor of Less Favorable Outcome in Patients with Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BCS | Breast-conserving surgery |
CETC/CTC | Circulating epithelial tumor cells |
DFS | Disease-free survival |
EpCAM | Epithelial cell adhesion molecule |
FITC | Fluoroisothiocyanate |
GAPDH | Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
RT | Radiotherapy |
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Patient Number (%) | |
---|---|
Sex | |
Male | 0 (0.0%) |
Female | 165 (100.0%) |
Age | Mean 56.5 (min. 27–max. 89) years |
T stage | |
T1 | 98 (59.4%) |
T2 | 56 (34.0%) |
T3 | 6 (3.6%) |
T4 | 5 (3.0%) |
N stage | |
N0 | 112 (67.9%) |
N1 | 40 (24.2%) |
N2 | 6 (3.6%) |
N3 | 7 (4.3) |
Grading | |
1 | 12 (7.3%) |
2 | 66 (40.0%) |
3 | 82 (49.7%) |
Not available | 5 (3.0%) |
Histologic finding | |
IDC 1 | 122 (73.9%) |
ILC 2/mixed | 23 (13.9%) |
Other | 20 (12.2%) |
ER 3 status | |
Positive | 115 (69.7%) |
Negative | 48 (29.1%) |
Not available | 2 (1.2%) |
PR 4 status | |
Positive | 108 (65.5%) |
Negative | 55 (33.3) |
Not available | 2 (1.2%) |
Her2/neu status | |
Positive | 53 (32.1%) |
Negative | 107 (64.9%) |
Not available | 5 (3.0%) |
Chemotherapy | |
Neoadjuvant | 44 (28.5%) |
Adjuvant | 83 (52.1%) |
None | 39 (19.4%) |
Endocrine treatment | |
Yes | 114 (69.1%) |
No | 51 (30.9%) |
CETC/CTC Behavior | Patients | Events | Local Relapse | Distant Metastasis | DFS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Chemo | |||||
Increase | 18 (44.4%) | 2 | 1 | 1 | p = 0.123 ns |
Decrease | 21 (55.6%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Adjuvant Chemo | |||||
Increase | 52 (54.9%) | 11 | 4 | 7 | p = 0.172 ns |
Decrease | 31 (45.1%) | 3 | 1 | 2 | |
Neoadjuvant Chemo | |||||
Increase | 13 (38.3%) | 10 | 2 | 8 | p < 0.001 |
Decrease | 31 (61.7%) | 5 | 3 | 2 | |
Total Increase | 82 (47.3%) | 23 | 7 | 16 | p = 0.003 |
Decrease | 83 (52.7%) | 8 | 4 | 4 |
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Mäurer, M.; Schott, D.; Pizon, M.; Drozdz, S.; Wendt, T.; Wittig, A.; Pachmann, K. Increased Circulating Epithelial Tumor Cells (CETC/CTC) over the Course of Adjuvant Radiotherapy Is a Predictor of Less Favorable Outcome in Patients with Early-Stage Breast Cancer. Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30, 261-273. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30010021
Mäurer M, Schott D, Pizon M, Drozdz S, Wendt T, Wittig A, Pachmann K. Increased Circulating Epithelial Tumor Cells (CETC/CTC) over the Course of Adjuvant Radiotherapy Is a Predictor of Less Favorable Outcome in Patients with Early-Stage Breast Cancer. Current Oncology. 2023; 30(1):261-273. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30010021
Chicago/Turabian StyleMäurer, Matthias, Dorothea Schott, Monika Pizon, Sonia Drozdz, Thomas Wendt, Andrea Wittig, and Katharina Pachmann. 2023. "Increased Circulating Epithelial Tumor Cells (CETC/CTC) over the Course of Adjuvant Radiotherapy Is a Predictor of Less Favorable Outcome in Patients with Early-Stage Breast Cancer" Current Oncology 30, no. 1: 261-273. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30010021