HIV-Positive MSM’s Knowledge of HPV and Anal Cancer Self-Sampling: A Scoping Review

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the cause of anal squamous cell cancer (ASCC) in 80% of cases. Available research has also shown high prevalence of anal HPV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, HPV vaccination is low among msm in Canada. In light of this information, we conducted a scoping review with the aim of exploring (1) the knowledge of HPV and anal cancer among HIV-positive msm and (2) the acceptability of HPV and anal cancer self-sampling in this population. In conducting the review, we searched five electronic databases for peer-reviewed articles and abstracts published in English, between 2007 and 2017. A total of 803 articles were retrieved; after accounting for duplicates (n = 40) and unmet criteria (n = 754), a total of 794 articles were excluded. A final total of nine articles were used in this review. Results of this review show that HIV-positive msm have limited knowledge regarding the risks of anal cancer associated with HIV and HPV coinfection. Furthermore, there is limited research on HPV and anal cancer self-sampling in this population. However, the review of available studies suggested that HIV-positive msm were open to anal cancer self-sampling. It also identified potential barriers to self-sampling. In conclusion, we provide suggestions and future directions for policy-makers and educators to develop inclusive and accessible strategies to reach HIV-positive msm regarding anal cancer education and self-screening.